排序方式: 共有39条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
11.
Alexander V. Fedorov Alexey V. Shulgin 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2007,20(4-6):317-321
The distributed mathematical model of magnesium particle ignition is developed taking into account the heterogeneous chemical reaction and the domain of particle thermal influence on gas. The problem solvability in the stationary case has allowed one to expand classification of regular modes of heating as well as the modes of extinction and ignition of a particle. The limiting size of a gas layer near a particle is found that determines an ignition mode. It is shown that the ignition delay time grows if we take into account the gas layer near the particle. Stability of some heating modes within the framework of finite and infinitesimal perturbations is studied. An opportunity to control the ignition process by high-frequency thermal action on the unstable particle gas states is shown. 相似文献
12.
Biacore biosensor immunoassay for 4-nonylphenols: assay optimization and applicability for shellfish analysis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A rapid Biacore biosensor immunoassay of 4-nonylphenols was developed. Two types of antibodies were used in the study: polyclonal antibodies with high cross-reactivity towards technical 4-nonylphenol and a monoclonal antibody very specific to 4-n-nonylphenol. 9-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)nonanoic acid was immobilized onto surface of a sensor chip. The best assay sensitivity was achieved using a flow rate of 50 microl min(-1) and injection time of 2 min. For the assay incorporating monoclonal antibodies a limit of detection 2 ng ml(-1) for 4-n-nonylphenol was achieved. With polyclonal antibodies one order lower sensitivity was observed for 4-nonylphenols. High background level of calibration curve for technical 4-nonylphenol was decreased by using IgG fraction of polyclonal antibodies in combination with lower amount of immobilised 9-(p-hydroxyphenyl)nonanoic acid. Sensitivity of the assay was improved by using a chip with a new derivative on a surface-N-aminobutyl [2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine] (limit of detection--5 ng ml(-1)). Applicability of the developed assays to ecological monitoring was checked in experiments using shellfish samples. 4-n-Nonylphenol from spiked samples was extracted into hexane followed by clean-up on NH2 SPE columns. Calibration curves generated for cockles, mussels and oyster samples were identical (limit of detection about 10 ng g(-1)) whereas for scallop samples a slight decrease (about 5-10%) of absolute response was observed. In the assay using the monoclonal antibody specific to 4-n-nonylphenol 31 shellfish samples were found to be negative. Results obtained with polyclonal antibodies indicated that two scallop samples contained a quantity of 4-nonylphenols. The developed biosensor assay could be applied for shellfish analysis as a preliminary screening method. 相似文献
13.
Frolova Natalia L. Belyakova Pelagiya A. Grigoriev Vadim Yu. Sazonov Alexey A. Zotov Leonid V. Jarsjö Jerker 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(7):1965-1976
Regional Environmental Change - The Selenga River has historically provided 50% of the total freshwater water input to the Lake Baikal, transporting substances and pollutants that can considerably... 相似文献
14.
How mutations accumulate in genomes is the central question of molecular evolution theories. However, our understanding of this process is far from complete. Drake’s rule is a notoriously universal property of genomes from microbes to mammals—the number of (functional) mutations per-genome per-generation is approximately constant within a phylum, despite the orders of magnitude differences in genome sizes and diverse populations’ properties. So far, there is no concise explanation for this phenomenon. A formal model for the storage of genetic information suggests that a genome of any species operates near its maximum informational storage capacity, and the mutation rate per-genome per-generation is near its upper limit, providing a simple explanation for the rule with minimal assumptions. 相似文献
15.
The role of puddle sediments as a final depot of 137Cs horizontal migration within the urban landscape is studied using the example of Ekaterinburg city, Russia. Radioactive contamination in the city appeared due to fallout after atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and nuclear accidents. Contamination density of 137Cs in the region was assessed from archive data to be about 5.1 kBq/m2, of which the maximum activity concentration (<30 Bq/kg) is associated with the upper 15 cm soil layer. Results of the survey reported here indicate a mean 137Cs activity concentration in puddle sediments of 80 Bq/kg, with a maximum value of 540 Bq/kg. It is estimated that horizontal migration has led to about a fourfold concentration of 137Cs in puddle sediments. 相似文献
16.
17.
Kathleen M.B. Boomer Donald E. Weller Thomas E. Jordan Lewis Linker Zhi‐Jun Liu James Reilly Gary Shenk Alexey A. Voinov 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(1):15-39
Boomer, Kathleen M.B., Donald E. Weller, Thomas E. Jordan, Lewis Linker, Zhi‐Jun Liu, James Reilly, Gary Shenk, and Alexey A. Voinov, 2012. Using Multiple Watershed Models to Predict Water, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Discharges to the Patuxent Estuary. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐25. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00689.x Abstract: We analyzed an ensemble of watershed models that predict flow, nitrogen, and phosphorus discharges. The models differed in scope and complexity and used different input data, but all had been applied to evaluate human impacts on discharges to the Patuxent River or to the Chesapeake Bay. We compared predictions to observations of average annual, annual time series, and monthly discharge leaving three basins. No model consistently matched observed discharges better than the others, and predictions differed as much as 150% for every basin. Models that agreed best with the observations in one basin often were among the worst models for another material or basin. Combining model predictions into a model average improved overall reliability in matching observations, and the range of predictions helped describe uncertainty. The model average was not the closest to the observed discharge for every material, basin, and time frame, but the model average had the highest Nash–Sutcliffe performance across all combinations. Consistently poor performance in predicting phosphorus loads suggests that none of the models capture major controls. Differences among model predictions came from differences in model structures, input data, and the time period considered, and also to errors in the observed discharge. Ensemble watershed modeling helped identify research needs and quantify the uncertainties that should be considered when using the models in management decisions. 相似文献
18.
Rajput Vishnu D. Gorovtsov Andrey V. Fedorenko Grigoriy M. Minkina Tatiana M. Fedorenko Alexey G. Lysenko Vladimir S. Sushkova Svetlana S. Mandzhieva Saglara S. Elinson Maria A. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(4):1477-1489
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The paper presents the results of the model experiment on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in polluted soil. The influence of separate and combined... 相似文献
19.
Simokon Mikhail V. Trukhin Alexey M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(43):60622-60634
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Concentrations of 22 essential and non-essential trace elements (Be, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb, Th, U, and... 相似文献
20.
Matishov GG Matishov DG Namjatov AA Carroll J Dahle S 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2002,59(3):309-327
The Don River Estuary-Azov Sea system is an extension of the shallow continental shelf area of the Black Sea. A large data set of artificial radionuclides in bottom sediments of the Azov Sea has been compiled in order to examine the storage and migration of radionuclides within this highly restricted inland sea and to estimate the annual dose received by individuals in the local population who regularly consume fish. In recent years (1997-1999), the radionuclide content of surface sediments has been: 137Cs < or = 0.5-100 Bq/kg d.w. (mean = 33.8 +/- 25.9 Bq/kg d.w., n = 57), 90Sr = 0.2-5.7 Bq/kg d.w. (mean = 2.1 +/- 1.4 Bq/kg d.w., n = 34) and 239,240Pu = 0.31-0.51 Bq/kg d.w. (n = 2). In general, 137Cs activities increase with distance from the mouth of the Don River and correlate negatively with sediment grain size (r2 = 0.77, n = 21). The annual 137Cs-derived dose received by an individual through the trophic chain water-fish-humans (approximately 10(-6) Sv/yr) is well below regulatory recommended limits, indicating that current levels of radioactivity in the environment pose no threat to commercial fisheries operations for the bordering nations of Russia and Ukraine. 相似文献