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41.
Sippy K. Chauhan Sangita Sharma Anuradha Shukla S. Gangopadhyay 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1493-1501
Bitumen is a black, thermoplastic, hydrocarbon material derived from the processing of crude oil. At ambient temperature,
bitumen is solid and does not present any health/environmental risks. This is one of the main reasons that bitumen is widely
used for road construction all over the world. But during manufacturing/modification according to its application, storage,
transportation, and use of bitumen is heated giving off various hydrocarbons emissions. In recent years, there has been increasing
interest in investigating the potential of bitumen emissions to cause health effects. This is mainly because of the reason
that bitumen has small amount of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, along with some other volatiles like benzene, toluene, etc.,
which are known to be carcinogenic in nature. Thus, assessment of the emission characteristics and health hazards of bitumen
fumes may have far reaching industrial economic and public health implications. In this review, we will discuss about the
emission characteristics from bitumen, asphalts, or road construction, which is mainly contributed by bitumen fumes. Sampling
strategies and analytical methods employed are also described briefly. 相似文献
42.
Jay M. Schoen Amrita Neelakantan Samuel A. Cushman Trishna Dutta Bilal Habib Yadvendradev V. Jhala Indranil Mondal Uma Ramakrishnan P. Anuradha Reddy Swati Saini Sandeep Sharma Prachi Thatte Bibek Yumnam Ruth DeFries 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13909
As ecological data and associated analyses become more widely available, synthesizing results for effective communication with stakeholders is essential. In the case of wildlife corridors, managers in human-dominated landscapes need to identify both the locations of corridors and multiple stakeholders for effective oversight. We synthesized five independent studies of tiger (Panthera tigris) connectivity in central India, a global priority landscape for tiger conservation, to quantify agreement on landscape permeability for tiger movement and potential movement pathways. We used the latter analysis to identify connectivity areas on which studies agreed and stakeholders associated with these areas to determine relevant participants in corridor management. Three or more of the five studies’ resistance layers agreed in 63% of the study area. Areas in which all studies agree on resistance were of primarily low (66%, e.g., forest) and high (24%, e.g., urban) resistance. Agreement was lower in intermediate resistance areas (e.g., agriculture). Despite these differences, the studies largely agreed on areas with high levels of potential movement: >40% of high average (top 20%) current-flow pixels were also in the top 20% of current-flow agreement pixels (measured by low variation), indicating consensus connectivity areas (CCAs) as conservation priorities. Roughly 70% of the CCAs fell within village administrative boundaries, and 100% overlapped forest department management boundaries, suggesting that people live and use forests within these priority areas. Over 16% of total CCAs’ area was within 1 km of linear infrastructure (437 road, 170 railway, 179 transmission line, and 339 canal crossings; 105 mines within 1 km of CCAs). In 2019, 78% of forest land diversions for infrastructure and mining in Madhya Pradesh (which comprises most of the study region) took place in districts with CCAs. Acute competition for land in this landscape with globally important wildlife corridors calls for an effective comanagement strategy involving local communities, forest departments, and infrastructure planners. 相似文献
43.
K. Ilayaraja M. Ioualalen M. Chlieh R. R. Krishnamurthy M. V. Ramana Murthy 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(3):115-124
A numerical simulation of the 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands case study is presented.
The simulation approach is based on a fully nonlinear Boussinesq tsunami propagation model and included an accurate computational
domain and a robust coseismic source. The simulation is first confronted to available tide gauge and run-up observations.
The agreement between observations and the predicted wave heights allowed a reasonable validation of the simulation. As a
result a full picture of the tsunami impact is provided over the entire coastal zone of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The processes
responsible for coastal vulnerability are discussed. 相似文献
44.
45.
Pollution of water, air, and soil by industrial effluents is a major problem nowadays. A variety of contaminants are too responsible for changing the physicochemical properties of the receiving body. There are practical treatment solutions available to clean up contaminants from various resources. The term “adsorption” refers to one of them. The purpose of the research work is to remove heavy metals from industrial effluent. Mixed adsorbents prepared from activated charcoal and bone charcoals were used to remove the copper and cadmium ions. The experiment carried out in a batch operation and modeling of these data for intraparticle diffusion and thermodynamic calculations were reported in this research work. At optimum operating condition pH 6; metal ion concentration 50 mg/L; dose 5 g/L; agitation 180 rpm and temperature 40°C maximum 99.41% copper ions and 88.12% cadmium ion removal was achieved. Cadmium ions were well fitted in the thermodynamic model compared to copper ions, as demonstrated by the higher correlation coefficient R2 (0.9824) value. Intra particle diffusion demonstrated that film diffusion was a rate-limiting step at the start of the reaction, while microporous intraparticle diffusion was the rate-determining phase later on. A Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron micrography analysis confirmed the suitability of mixed adsorbents for the removal of cadmium and copper metal ions. 相似文献
46.
R David Holbrook Matthew J Higgins Sudhir N Murthy Anabela D Fonseca Edwin J Fleischer Glen T Daigger Thomas J Grizzard Nancy G Love John T Novak 《Water environment research》2004,76(7):2699-2702
The effect of aluminum sulfate (alum) addition on membrane performance was investigated, with a particular focus on membrane fouling. During initial operation, alum was added and the performance monitored. After terminating alum addition, the transmembrane pressure (TMP), which is indicative of membrane resistance to flow or fouling, increased. Accompanying the increase in TMP was an increase in the organic nonsettleable fraction (colloidal + dissolved) content of the mixed liquor and deterioration of permeate quality and floc strength. Permeate polysaccharide concentrations increased significantly, suggesting a preferential binding of solution polysaccharides by alum. Upon reinitiating alum addition, the TMP only partially recovered, indicating some irreversible fouling, while mixed liquor nonsettleable organic material, permeate quality, and floc strength returned to initial levels. These results suggest that direct alum addition to membrane bioreactors can improve membrane performance by reducing the organic fouling material and improving floc structure and strength. It appears that bulk liquid polysaccharides may contribute to irreversible membrane fouling, and this fraction can be efficiently controlled through the alum addition. 相似文献
47.
Time Series Analysis to Monitor and Assess Water Resources: A Moving Average Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An understanding of the behavior of the groundwater body and its long-term trends are essential for making any management
decision in a given watershed. Geostatistical methods can effectively be used to derive the long-term trends of the groundwater
body. Here an attempt has been made to find out the long-term trends of the water table fluctuations of a river basin through
a time series approach. The method was found to be useful for demarcating the zones of discharge and of recharge of an aquifer.
The recharge of the aquifer is attributed to the return flow from applied irrigation. In the study area, farmers mainly depend
on borewells for water and water is pumped from the deep aquifer indiscriminately. The recharge of the shallow aquifer implies
excessive pumping of the deep aquifer. Necessary steps have to be taken immediately at appropriate levels to control the irrational
pumping of deep aquifer groundwater, which is needed as a future water source. The study emphasizes the use of geostatistics
for the better management of water resources and sustainable development of the area. 相似文献
48.
Performance evaluation of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for treatment of paper mill wastewater 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
IntroductionInrecentyearsenergyconsiderationsandenvironmentalconcernshaveincreasedtheinterestindirectanaerobictreatmentofindustrialwastes.Theanaerobicmethodofwastetreatmentoffersunderthepresentcircumstancesanumberofsignificantadvantageswithlittleseriousorinsuperabledrawbacksoverothertreatmentmethods .Conventionalwastemanagementtechnologiescommonlyadoptedintropicalclimatesarenotonlyexpensivebutalsowarrantexactoperationandmaintenancerequirements .Mostofthedevelopingcountriessufferfromsevereenvir… 相似文献
49.
Shanmugasundaram R Jeyalakshmi T Dutt MS Murthy PB 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(1):43-45
Larvicidal effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) and karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil cakes (individuals and combination) was studied against mosquito species. Both the oil cakes showed larvicidal activity against the mosquito species tested. The combination of neem and karanja oil cakes in equal proportion proved to have better effect than the individual treatments. The combination of the two oil cakes recorded an LC95 of 0.93, 0.54 and 0.77% against the mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi respectively The increase in efficacy of the combination treatment over individuals in all the mosquito larvae tested was found to range about 4 to 10 fold in terms of LC50 and 2 to 6 fold in terms of LC95. 相似文献
50.
Braj B. Singh Jitendra Kumar Virendra S. Rana Anuradha Mishra 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(8):558-570
A new series of halogenated Schiff bases was synthesized by the condensation of 5-fluoro-2-hydroxy acetophenone and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy acetophenone with different alkyl amines, namely propyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl amines, under microwave irradiation. Newly formed molecules were characterized by Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Further, the Schiff bases were screened for antifungal bioassay, and the results showed potential fungicidal activity against two very important plant infecting fungi, viz. Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Among the screened compounds, 2,4-dichloro-2-[1-(propylimino)ethyl]phenol was found to be the most active compound against both R. solani (ED50 8.02 mg L?1) and S. rolfsii (ED50 21.51 mg L?1) followed by 2,4-dichloro-2-[1-(pentylimino) ethyl]phenol (ED50 13.02 and 29.57 mg L?1, respectively). The synthesized compounds were also screened for antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging technique. All the compounds showed very low to moderate activity as compared with Gallic acid. 相似文献