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排序方式: 共有107条查询结果,搜索用时 406 毫秒
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Anwar Zahid M. Q. Hassan G. N. Breit K.-D. Balke Matthias Flegr 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):69-84
Accumulations of iron, manganese, and arsenic occur in the Chandina alluvium of southeastern Bangladesh within 2.5 m of the
ground surface. These distinctive orange-brown horizons are subhorizontal and consistently occur within 1 m of the contact
of the aerated (yellow-brown) and water-saturated (gray) sediment. Ferric oxyhydroxide precipitates that define the horizons
form by oxidation of reduced iron in pore waters near the top of the saturated zone when exposed to air in the unsaturated
sediment. Hydrous Fe-oxide has a high specific surface area and thus a high adsorption capacity that absorbs the bulk of arsenic
also present in the reduced pore water, resulting in accumulations containing as much as 280 ppm arsenic. The steep redox
gradient that characterizes the transition of saturated and unsaturated sediment also favors accumulation of manganese oxides
in the oxidized sediment. Anomalous concentrations of phosphate and molybdenum also detected in the ferric oxyhydroxide-enriched
sediment are attributed to sorption processes. 相似文献
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Anwar Muhammad Awais Madni Ghulam Rasool Yasin Iftikhar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):16454-16480
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The study probes the relationship between health expenditures, forestation, and environmental quality using panel data of 87 countries, through... 相似文献
25.
Khaleeq Anwar Sohail Ejaz Muhammad Ashraf Imran Altaf Aftab Ahmad Anjum 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4817-4830
Vehicular air pollution is a mounting health issue of the modern age, particularly in urban populations of the developing nations. Auto-rickshaws are not considered eco-friendly as to their inefficient engines producing large amount of particulate matter (PM), thus posing significant environmental threat. The present study was conducted to ascertain the cytotoxic, phytotoxic, and mutagenic potential of PM from gasoline-powered two-stroke auto-rickshaws (TSA) and compressed natural gas-powered four-stroke auto-rickshaws (FSA). Based on the increased amount of aluminum quantified during proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of PM from TSA and FSA, different concentrations of aluminum sulfate were also tested to determine its eco-toxicological potential. The MTT assay demonstrated significant (p?<?0.001) dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of TSA, FSA, and aluminum sulfate on BHK-21 cell line. LC50 of TSA, FSA, and aluminum sulfate was quantified at 16, 11, and 23.8 μg/ml, respectively, establishing PM from FSA, a highly cytotoxic material. In case of phytotoxicity screening using Zea mays, the results demonstrated that all three tested materials were equally phytotoxic at higher concentrations producing significant reduction (p?<?0.001) in seed germination. Aluminum sulfate proved to be a highly phytotoxic agent even at its lowest concentration. Mutagenicity was assessed by fluctuation Salmonella reverse mutation assay adopting TA100 and TA98 mutant strains with (+S9) and without (?S9) metabolic activation. Despite the fact that different concentrations of PM from both sources, i.e., TSA and FSA were highly mutagenic (p?<?0.001) even at lower concentrations, the mutagenic index was higher in TSA. Data advocate that all tested materials are equally ecotoxic, and if the existing trend of atmospheric pollution by auto-rickshaws is continued, airborne heavy metals will seriously affect the normal growth of local inhabitants and increased contamination of agricultural products, which will amplify the dietary intake of the toxic elements and could result in genetic mutation or long-term health implications. 相似文献
26.
Heavy Metal Distribution in Valley Sediments in Wadi Al-Karak Catchment Area, South Jordan 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Valley sediments samples collected from the major and minor valleys of Al-Karak catchment area (southern Jordan) were leached with hot dilute HCl and analysed for their heavy metals content. The results of leachable metal concentrations indicated the absence of anomalous values for metal occurrences. However, appreciable contamination of the sediments with Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr was observed. Using an index of pollution the extent of contamination was better delineated. The geographical distribution of the samples showed higher Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations mainly around heavily inhabited areas indicating an anthropogenic source of contamination. Lithological influence indicated from the anomalies of Fe and Mn was found to be very low. 相似文献
27.
Anwar Battikhi Don Kirkham 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(4):1004-1015
ABSTRACT: A mathematical solution based on porous media flow is developed for solute travel time to a well as affected by a leak around the upper part of the casing. Consider a well of radius 0.2 meters (m) penetrating, fully, a semiconfined aquifer of thickness 6 m with impermeable casing length of 4.5 m, and screened casing length 1.5 m. Around the upper 1.5 m of the impermeable casing length, there is a highly permeable region (a leak). The radius of influence of the well is 10 m. The porous flow medium has a hydraulic conductivity of 10 m/day and a porosity of 0.25. Between the water table and the water level in the well, there is a steady state pumped down head difference of 0.3 m. Solute travel time from a point at the bottom of the leak to the well is 2.33 days. If the leak is sealed (grouted), the travel time is 6.24 days. Examples of six different geometries are given. Laboratory studies verify the theory. The computations should be useful in the design and protection of water wells from solutes, such as from agriculture, industry, strip mines, or sanitary landfills. 相似文献
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29.
Use of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for environmental quality assessment of peri-urban agriculture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Weindorf DC Zhu Y Chakraborty S Bakr N Huang B 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):217-227
Urban expansion into traditional agricultural lands has augmented the potential for heavy metal contamination of soils. This
study examined the utility of field portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry for evaluating the environmental quality
of sugarcane fields near two industrial complexes in Louisiana, USA. Results indicated that PXRF provided quality results
of heavy metal levels comparable to traditional laboratory analysis. When coupled with global positioning system technology,
the use of PXRF allows for on-site interpolation of heavy metal levels in a matter of minutes. Field portable XRF was shown
to be an effective tool for rapid assessment of heavy metals in soils of peri-urban agricultural areas. 相似文献
30.
Isha Khanna Prashant Gargava Anwar Ali Khan 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2018,68(5):430-437
PM2.5 sampling was conducted at a curbside location in Delhi city for summer and winter seasons, to evaluate the effect of PM2.5 and its chemical components on the visibility impairment. The PM2.5 concentrations were observed to be higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), indicating poor air quality. The chemical constituents of PM2.5 (the water-soluble ionic species SO42-, NO3?, Cl?, and NH4+, and carbonaceous species: organic carbon, elemental carbon) were analyzed to study their impact on visibility impairment by reconstructing the light extinction coefficient, bext. The visibility was found to be negatively correlated with PM2.5 and its components. The reconstructed bext showed that organic matter was the largest contributor to bext in both the seasons which may be attributed to combustion sources. In summer season, it was followed by elemental carbon and ammonium sulfate; however, in winter, major contributions were from ammonium nitrate and elemental carbon. Higher elemental carbon in both seasons may be attributed to traffic sources, while lower concentrations of nitrate during summer, may be attributed to volatility because of higher atmospheric temperatures.Implications: The chemical constituents of PM2.5 that majorly effect the visibility impairment are organic matter and elemental carbon, both of which are products of combustion processes. Secondary formations that lead to ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate production also impair the visibility. 相似文献