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81.
82.
Regnery Julia Friesen Anton Geduhn Anke Göckener Bernd Kotthoff Matthias Parrhysius Pia Petersohn Eleonora Reifferscheid Georg Schmolz Erik Schulz Robert S. Schwarzbauer Jan Brinke Marvin 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):215-240
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Anticoagulant rodenticides are used worldwide to control commensal rodents for hygienic and public health reasons. As anticoagulants act on all vertebrates, risk... 相似文献
83.
Giorio Chiara Safer Anton Sánchez-Bayo Francisco Tapparo Andrea Lentola Andrea Girolami Vincenzo van Lexmond Maarten Bijleveld Bonmatin Jean-Marc 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):11716-11748
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the exponential number of published data on neonicotinoids and fipronil during the last decade, an updated review of literature has been... 相似文献
84.
There is a lack of information regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in soil from Slovakia. This paper reports the concentrations of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and 6 indicator PCBs associated with 32 soil samples collected in 2007 from areas in the vicinity up to several kilometres from four selected industrial PCDD/F sources in Slovakia and one background area.The results show that the total WHO1998-PCDD/F/dl-PCB-TEQ concentrations varied from 0.34 to 18.05 pg g−1 dry weight (dw) and the average total TEQ concentrations in samples collected at the Šala, Košice, Krompachy and Dubová areas were 3.18, 2.64, 7.80, and 3.19 pg g−1 dw respectively. The average of the total WHO1998-TEQ values in three soil samples representing the background Starina area was 0.66 pg g−1 dw. The predominant contaminants among 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs, dl-PCB, and indicator PCBs was OCDD, PCB 118, and PCB 153 respectively. The major contributors to the TEQ were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, PCB 126, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, PCB 156 and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF + 1,2,3,4,7,9-HxCDF in descending order. 相似文献
85.
N. Aberle Thomas Hansen Ruth Boettger-Schnack Antje Burmeister Anton F. Post Ulrich Sommer 《Marine Biology》2010,157(1):157-169
Mesozooplankton communities in the meso-oligotrophic Gulf of Aqaba, Northern Red Sea, were investigated over a 2 years period
(2005–2007) with emphasis on the trophodynamic relations among different taxonomic groups ranging from primary consumers to
carnivorous predators. Based on stable isotope analyses, we present evidence for a strong contribution of ‘new’ nitrogen mainly
derived from the utilization of aerosol nitrate by unicellular cyanobacteria especially during summer stratification and the
propagation of exceptionally low δ15N onto higher trophic levels. In contrast, N2-fixation by diazotrophs seemed to play a minor role, while the utilization of deep water nitrate by cyanobacteria and eukaryotic
algae might be of importance during winter mixing. Based on 15N enrichment of consumers, clear differences between exclusively herbivorous organisms (doliolids, appendicularians, pteropods)
and those with omnivorous feeding modes were detected. The category of omnivores comprised a large variety of taxons ranging
from small meroplanktonic larvae to non-calanoid copepods (harpacticoids, cyclopoids and poecilostomatoids) that together
form a diverse and complex community with overlapping feeding modes. In addition, distinct seasonality patterns in δ15N of copepods were found showing elevated trophic positions during periods of winter mixing, which were most pronounced for
non-calanoid copepods. In general, feeding modes of omnivores appeared rather unselective, and relative contributions of heterotrophic
protists and degraded material to the diets of non-calanoid copepods are discussed. At elevated trophic positions, four groups
of carnivore predators were identified, while calanoid copepods and meroplanktonic predators showing lowest 15N enrichment within the carnivores. The direct link between ‘new’ nitrogen utilization by primary producers and the 15N enrichment of consumers in the planktonic food web of the Gulf of Aqaba emphasizes the significant contribution of ‘new’
nitrogen to the nitrogen budget and ecosystem functions in subtropical and tropical oligotrophic oceans. 相似文献
86.
Kerstin?E.?ThonhauserEmail author Shirley?Raveh Attila?Hettyey Helmut?Beissmann Dustin?J.?Penn 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(12):1961-1970
Females often show multi-male mating (MMM), but the adaptive functions are unclear. We tested whether female house mice (Mus musculus musculus) show MMM when they can choose their mates without male coercion. We released 32 females into separate enclosures where they could choose to mate with two neighboring males that were restricted to their own territories. We also tested whether females increase MMM when the available males appeared unable to exclude intruders from their territories. To manipulate territorial intrusion, we introduced scent-marked tiles from the neighboring males into males' territories, or we rearranged tiles within males' own territories as a control. Each female was tested in treatment and control conditions and we conducted paternity analyses on the 57 litters produced. We found that 46 % of litters were multiply sired, indicating that multiple paternity is common when females can choose their mates. Intrusion did not increase multiple paternity, though multiple paternity was significantly greater in the first trial when the males were virgins compared to the second trial. Since virgin male mice are highly infanticidal, this finding is consistent with the infanticide avoidance hypothesis. We also found that multiple paternity was higher when competing males showed small differences in their amount of scent marking, suggesting that females reduce MMM when they can detect differences in males' quality. Finally, multiple paternity was associated with increased litter size but only in the intrusion treatment, which suggests that the effect of multiple paternity on offspring number is dependent on male–male interactions. 相似文献
87.
Attila?HettyeyEmail author Balázs?Vági János?T?r?k Herbert?Hoi 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(2):201-208
The theory of life history evolution assumes trade-offs between competing fitness traits such as reproduction, somatic growth,
and maintenance. One prediction of this theory is that if large individuals have a higher reproductive success, small/young
individuals should invest less in reproduction and allocate more resources in growth than large/old individuals. We tested
this prediction using the common toad (Bufo bufo), a species where mating success of males is positively related to their body size. We measured testes mass, soma mass, and
sperm stock size in males of varying sizes that were either (1) re-hibernated at the start of the breeding season, (2) kept
without females throughout the breeding season, or (3) repeatedly provided with gravid females. In the latter group, we also
estimated fertilization success and readiness to re-mate. Contrary to our predictions, the relationship between testes mass
and soma mass was isometric, sperm stock size relative to testes mass was unrelated to male size, fertilization success was
not higher in matings with larger males, and smaller males were not less likely to engage in repeated matings than larger
males. These results consistently suggest that smaller males did not invest less in reproduction to be able to allocate more
in growth than larger males. Causes for this unexpected result may include relatively low year-to-year survival, unpredictable
between-year variation in the strength of sexual selection and low return rates of lowered reproductive investment. 相似文献
88.
The current spatial pattern of a population is the result of previous individual birth, death, and dispersal events. We present a simple model followed by a comparative analysis for a species-rich plant community to show how the current spatial aggregation of a population may hold information about recent population dynamics. Previous research has shown how locally restricted seed dispersal often leads to stronger aggregation in less abundant populations than it does in more abundant populations. In contrast, little is known about how changes in the local abundance of a species may affect the spatial distribution of individuals. If the level of aggregation within a species depends to some extent on the abundance of the species, then changes in abundance should lead to subsequent changes in aggregation. However, an overall change of spatial pattern relies on many individual birth and death events, and a surplus of deaths or births may have short-term effects on aggregation that are opposite to the long-term change predicted by the change in abundance. The change in aggregation may therefore lag behind the change in abundance, and consequently, the current aggregation may hold information about recent population dynamics. Using an individual-based simulation model with local dispersal and density-dependent competition, we show that, on average, recently growing populations should be more aggregated than shrinking populations of the same current local abundance. We tested this hypothesis using spatial data on individuals from a long-term tropical rain forest plot, and find support for this relationship in canopy trees, but not in understory and shrub species. On this basis we argue that current spatial aggregation is an important characteristic that contains information on recent changes in local abundance, and may be applied to taxonomic groups where dispersal is limited and within-species aggregation is observed. 相似文献
89.
Sergey Kholodkevich Andrey Sharov Tatiana Kuznetsova Anton Kurakin Danijela Joksimović Marko Nikolić 《Chemistry and Ecology》2019,35(7):631-643
The aim of this work was to validate in the field certain measurement of the heart rate alterations of the bioindicator organism Mytilus galloprovicialis as a tool for ecotoxicological biomonitoring and assessment applications related to coastal and marine environment. The latter was determined by testing the mussels according to the method of functional loading (1-hour lowered salinity stress-exposure). The time of heart rate (HR) recovery (Trec) and the coefficient of HR variation (CVHR) in a group of tested animals were used as biomarkers for the assessment of their physiological state. It was found that the values of the biomarkers in mussels from our reference location were 1.3-1.5 times lower than in mussels from differently polluted coastal areas of the Bay. The study also included an investigation of the relationship between the mussel’s cardiac rhythm characteristics and the bioaccumulation of trace elements in their soft tissues, caused by chronic pollution. The conclusion was drawn that this approach to the physiological testing of mussels could be useful in developing a rapid and low-cost method for the assessment of the health of coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
90.
Knegtering E Drees JM Geertsema P Huitema HJ Uiterkamp AJ 《Environmental management》2005,36(6):862-871
Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) should ideally help minimize adverse effects on biological diversity by considering
impacts of projects on wide ranges of species. This paper investigates how recent Dutch EIAs included the species comprising
animal diversity. We present results of two studies on fauna data used in the EIAs. Objectives were to determine for different
taxa (a) the relative representation of species in Environmental Impact Statements (EISs); (b) the extent to which EISs referred
to specific species and the accuracy of survey data referred to; and (c) apparent roles of different EIA actors in species
inclusion. EIAs were found to use data on various taxa but on limited numbers of species. The frequency with which taxa were
included varied significantly. Birds were most frequently included, followed by mammals, amphibians, and other species groups.
The quality of data on birds exceeded that regarding other vertebrates. Our results indicate that (a) EIA working groups of
independent experts were the most influential in determining the data to be used; (b) on average, proponents included data
more often than required by guidelines; and (c) in 30 to 40% of the EIAs, the participation of nongovernmental organizations
prompted use of data. Despite the key role of experts in data inclusion, the taxon rankings found in the EIAs showed little
deviation from those observed in studies on people’s preferences for species. Given the limited ranges of species considered,
it is doubtful that the EIAs examined effectively contributed to conserving animal species diversity.
Edo Knegtering produced this work in his personal capacity 相似文献