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21.
Machado Mesa L Peña Méndez E Sánchez Sánchez M García Montelongo F 《Chemosphere》1999,38(5):1103-1111
Different strategies of multivariate analysis of metals concentrations (Mn, Fe, Ni, V, Co, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, Na, K) in mussel samples from different spanish markets are used to interpret a data base and identify differences between species and origin of the samples. Principal Component Analysis and Potential curves are applied to properly classify unknown samples from representative mussels samples (Mytilus edulis and Perna canaliculus). Also, Principal Components Analysis is used as display method to visualize the relation between the variables and objects of interest. 相似文献
22.
Susana García-Alonso Rosa María Pérez-Pastor María Luisa Sevillano-Castaño 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(3):147-150
The focus of this study was to characterize the concentration levels of selected PCBs and compare them to compiled data in
order to contribute to the international database. The sampling site is located in the outskirts of Madrid and can be considered
an open urban area. 32 samples of air were taken from February 1998 to June 1998 by using a high volume air sampler. Glass
fiber filters and polyurethane foam (PUF) were used to collect the paniculate and gas phase material, respectively.
PUF plugs were Soxhlet extracted and filters were ultrasonically extracted by using pesticide-grade hexane and dichloromethane,
respectively. The cleanup procedure was carried out on a florisil column with hexane and hexane/dichloromethane as elution
solvents.
GC/MS in a selected ion monitoring mode was used for quantification and 29 selected PCBs congeners were analyzed. 相似文献
23.
In this work, the treatment of an actual industrial waste with three advanced oxidation processes (AOP) has been studied: conductive-diamond electrooxidation (CDEO), ozonation and Fenton oxidation. The wastewater comes from olive-oil mills (OMW) and contains a COD of nearly 3000 mg dm(-3). CDEO allowed achieving the complete mineralization of the waste with high current efficiencies. Likewise, both ozonation and Fenton oxidation were able to treat the wastes, but they obtained very different results in terms of efficiency and mineralization. The accumulation of oxidation-refractory compounds as final products excludes the use of ozonation and Fenton oxidation as a sole treatment technology. This confirms that besides the hydroxyl-radical mediated oxidation, CDEO combines other important oxidation processes such as the direct electro-oxidation on the diamond surface and the oxidation mediated by other electrochemically formed compounds generated on this electrode. 相似文献
24.
The photocatalytic disinfection of urban waste waters 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Herrera Melián JA Doña Rodríguez JM Viera Suárez A Tello Rendón E Valdés do Campo C Arana J Pérez Peña J 《Chemosphere》2000,41(3):323-327
In this paper we present the results of the photocatalytic disinfection of urban waste water. Two microbial groups, total coliforms and Streptococcus faecalis, have been used as indexes to test disinfection efficiencies. Different experimental parameters have been checked, such as the effect of TiO2, solar or UV-lamp light and pH. Disinfection of water samples has been achieved employing both UV-lamp and solar light in agreement with data shown by other authors. The higher disinfection rates obtained employing an UV-lamp may be explained by the stronger incident light intensity. Nevertheless no consistent differences have been found between TiO2-photocatalysis and direct solar or UV-lamp light irradiation at natural sample pH (7.8). At pH 5 the presence of TiO2 increases the relative inactivation rate compared with the absence of the catalyst. After the photocatalytic bacterial inactivation, the later bacterial reappearance was checked for total coliforms at natural pH and pH 5, with and without TiO2. Two h after the photocatalytic treatment, CFU increment was almost nill. But 24 and 48 h later an important bacterial CFU increment was observed. This CFU increment is slower after irradiation with TiO2 at pH 5 in non-air-purged samples. 相似文献
25.
Génesis V. Buitimea-Cantúa Nydia E. Buitimea-Cantúa María del Refugio Rocha-Pizaña Ema Carina Rosas-Burgos Alejandro Hernández-Morales Jorge Molina-Torres 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(3):210-219
AbstractIn the present study, ethanolic extract from Heliopsis longipes roots and affinin/spilanthol against Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxins production were studied in relation to the expression of aflD and aflR, two key genes of aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract by GC-EIMS identified affinin/spilanthol (7.84?±?0.27?mg g?1) as the most abundant compounds in H. longipes roots. The antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic assays showed that affinin/spilanthol at 300?µg mL?1 produced the higher inhibition of radial growth (95%), as well as, the higher aflatoxins production inhibition (61%) in comparison to H. longipes roots (87% and 48%, respectively). qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of aflD and aflR genes showed a higher downregulation in affinin/spilanthol at 300?µg mL?1. The expression ratio of alfD was suppressed by affinin/spilanthol in 79% and aflR in 84%, while, a lower expression ratio suppressed by H. longipes was obtained, alfD (55%) and aflR (59%). Affinin/spilanthol possesses higher antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity against A. parasiticus rather than H. longipes roots, and this anti-aflaxotigenic activity occurring via downregulation of the aflD and aflR genes. Thus, H. longipes roots and affinin/spilanthol can be considered potent antifungal agents against aflatoxigenic fungus, especially, affinin/spilanthol. 相似文献
26.
M. J. Patiño Ropero N. Rodríguez Fariñas R. Mateo J. J. Berzas Nevado R. C. Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(7):6074-6081
The impact of mercury (Hg) pollution in the terrestrial environments and the terrestrial food chains including the impact on human food consumption is still greatly under-investigated. In particular, studies including Hg speciation and detoxification strategies in terrestrial animals are almost non-existing, but these are key information with important implications for human beings. Therefore, in this work, we report on Hg species (inorganic mercury, iHg, and monomethylmercury, MeHg) distribution among terrestrial animal tissues obtained from a real-world Hg exposure scenario (Almadén mining district, Spain). Thus, we studied Hg species (iHg and MeHg) and total selenium (Se) content in liver and kidney of red deer (Cervus elaphus; n?=?41) and wild boar (Sus scrofa; n?=?16). Similar mercury species distribution was found for both red deer and wild boar. Major differences were found between tissues; thus, in kidney, iHg was clearly the predominant species (more than 81 %), while in liver, the species distribution was less homogeneous with a percentage of MeHg up to 46 % in some cases. Therefore, Hg accumulation and MeHg transfer were evident in terrestrial ecosystems. The interaction between total Se and Hg species has been evaluated by tissue and by animal species. Similar relationships were found in kidney for both Hg species in red deer and wild boar. However, in liver, there were differences between animals. The possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
27.
Escalante M Rodríguez-Malaver AJ Araujo E González AM Rojas OJ Peñaloza N Bullón J Lara MA Dmitrieva N Pérez-Pérez E 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(4):709-718
One of the limitations of the biodegradation of hydrophobic chemical compounds, like lignins, is their low solubility in the aqueous solution where this process takes place. To resolve this problem, surfactants have been used to improve the solubility of these hydrophobic compounds. In this investigation, we studied the effect of surfactants (anionic, cationic, and non-ionic) on the treatment of Kraft black liquor with Fenton's reagent. In the Fenton reaction, H2O2 (two different concentrations, 10 mM and 20 mM), FeCl2 (1 mM) and surfactant solution (10%) were used. Black liquor degradation was determined by UV/Visible spectrophotometry and by measuring phenolic groups. In the presence of Fenton's reagent, the optimum conditions for the oxidative degradation of black liquor were 10 mM H2O2, 1 microL of 10% solution of anionic surfactant (SDS). The importance of the use of surfactants for preparing black liquor for subsequent Fenton's reagent-mediated degradation was discussed. 相似文献
28.
29.
对含柠檬酸盐电镀废水的几种处理方法的比较表明,氯化钡添加法能较好地使柠檬酸盐沉淀,操作简便,处理效果理想,其柠檬酸根离子的去除率达98%以上。 相似文献
30.
Cañas JE Qi B Li S Maul JD Cox SB Das S Green MJ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(12):3351-3357
An increase in nanomaterial applications will likely lead to an increased probability of environmental exposures, raising concerns regarding the safety of these materials. Recent studies have indicated that manufactured nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, have the potential to be harmful to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The majority of nano-metal oxide research addressing potential toxicological issues has been focused in aquatic environments with very little terrestrial data. This study characterized the acute and reproductive toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in a terrestrial system. Following a 14 d exposure, nano-sized ZnO on filter paper was acutely toxic to E. fetida, while nano-sized TiO(2) did not exhibit acute toxicity. In contrast, neither nano-sized ZnO nor TiO(2) exhibited acute toxicity to earthworms in sand. Both nano-sized ZnO and TiO(2), following a 4 week exposure, caused reproductive effects in earthworms in artificial soil. Overall, nano-sized ZnO exhibited greater toxicity than nano-sized TiO(2) in Eisenia fetida. 相似文献