全文获取类型
收费全文 | 255篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 10篇 |
废物处理 | 3篇 |
环保管理 | 73篇 |
综合类 | 31篇 |
基础理论 | 76篇 |
污染及防治 | 61篇 |
评价与监测 | 12篇 |
社会与环境 | 5篇 |
灾害及防治 | 4篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 12篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有275条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
E. L. Carroll N. J. Patenaude S. J. Childerhouse S. D. Kraus R. M. Fewster C. S. Baker 《Marine Biology》2011,158(11):2565-2575
The abundance of New Zealand subantarctic southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) was estimated for the first time using mark-recapture methods based on photo-identification and microsatellite genotyping
(13 loci). Individual identification photographs of 383 whales and microsatellite genotypes of 235 whales were collected during
annual austral winter field surveys from 1995 to 1998. Given the 4-year survey period and lack of geographic and demographic
closure, we estimated super-population abundance using the POPAN Jolly-Seber model implemented in the software programme MARK.
Models with constant survivorship but time-varying capture probability and probability of entry into the population were the
most suitable due to the survey design. This provided estimates of abundance in 1998 of 908 non-calf whales (95% C.L. = 755,
1,123) for the photo-identification and 910 non-calf whales (95% C.L. = 641, 1,354) for the microsatellite genotype data sets.
The current estimate of 900 whales may represent less than 5% of the pre-whaling abundance in New Zealand waters. 相似文献
102.
Craig F. Aumack Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker 《Marine Biology》2011,158(8):1879-1885
Amphipods along the western Antarctic Peninsula appear to gain refuge from predators by associating with chemically defended
macroalgae rather than palatable macroalgae. However, nothing is known about amphipod activity at night. If foraging on non-chemically
defended macroalgae regularly occurs, then nocturnal foraging seems beneficial since visual predators are disadvantaged. To
test this hypothesis, we collected three common macroalgal species and affiliated mesograzers, approximately 3 h before and
after sunset. All associated mesofauna were counted and densities recorded. Amphipod densities were significantly decreased
during the night on the chemically defended Desmarestia menziesii, while significantly increased on the palatable Iridaea cordata. Additionally, the amphipod Gondogeneia antarctica was found in significantly higher densities at night on Palmaria decipiens, a species shown to be readily eaten by G. antarctica and omnivorous fish. We believe that chemically defended macroalgae act as a refuge for mesograzers during the day, while
more widespread foraging occurs at night. 相似文献
103.
104.
Low pH markedly reduced heterotrophic microbial activity in sediment-lake water systems. A marked reduction in both the rate and the total amount of oxygen consumed occurred as pH decreased. In addition, low pH and also low temperature (0°C) resulted in longer turnover times (Tn) and also smaller Vmax values when the kinetics of 14C-glucose, 14C-glycine, and 14C-glutamic acid utilization were examined. When the response of the microorganisms to heavy metals was examined, mercury was generally more toxic than lead over the pH range of 4.5 to 7.5 but both metals were more toxic at pH 4.5 than at higher pH levels. Mercury also inhibited oxygen utilization and 14C-glucose mineralization more than lead at all pH levels. Bisulfite reduced microbial activity at all pH levels although it was always more toxic to the sediment microorganisms at pH values of 4 and 5 than at pH 7. 相似文献
105.
Myron Charles Baker Gregory L. Sherman Tad C. Theimer Dana C. Bradley 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1982,11(2):133-137
Summary A field study of the ranging behavior of post-fledging White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) was carried out in undisturbed natural habitat in the Point Reyes National Seashore, Marin Co., California, USA. Forty-three first-brood juveniles, with tail feathers still growing, were banded at an estimated average age of 27 days and re-trapped an average of an additional 24 days for a total minimum time in residence in the immediate natal area of 51 days (Table 1).The distance from the site of first capture to subsequent recapture sites was about 60 m until age 35 days; then the distance increased to about 250 m by age 50 days (Fig. 2). These data indicate that the average juvenile White-crowned Sparrow completes at least the first 50 days of life in its natal area. Experimental work on song ontogeny has previously demonstrated that the sensitive period for song learning ends at about 50 days. Hence, young in our study population probably learn their natal dialect prior to any major dispersal movements. The correspondence between residence time and song learning would have the consequence of perpetuating song dialects as geographically structured populations. 相似文献
106.
107.
Abstract A series of mesocosms was exposed to a suite of light treatments and nutrient enrichment in order to generate algal communities of varying biomass. the influence of this biomass on the speciation of copper (II) was studied. Distribution coefficients ( Kd,Lkg?1) were relatively high (log Kd = 5 to 7), indicative of robust trace metal sequestration, and were likely controlled by the particulate organic carbon content (foc). Differences in Kd over time and among treatments were significant, as was the relationship between Kd and foc. Fluorescence quenching was used to determine binding capacities ( Lt , M) and their associated binding constants ( Kcond ,M?1) in order to model the solid phase copper speciation. the Kcond ranged between 2.1 and 5.2 × 1012M?1, indicating a very strong copper-ligand complex, and was higher in mesocosms that received more light. the light Lt increased over time, dramatically after the nutrient enrichment, but did not vary systematically among light treatments. Lt ranged from 7.2 × 10? 7 to 4.9 × 10? 5 M. the large magnitudes of Kd , Kcond and Lt ensured that greater than 97% of total copper in the mesocosms was complexed by organic matter. the total copper concentration ([Cu]T, M) needed to reach a target dissolved copper concentration of 10?12.5 M (pCu = 12.5) was determined for each mesocosm over time. [Cu]T was between 8.02 × 10?5 and 3.41 × 10?2 M, and increased over time. the [Cu]T normalized to the target pCu (Effective Dose Ratio, EDR) increased directly with increases in algal biomass, indicating a direct link between system productivity and copper exposure. Approximately 45% of the variance in EDR was explained by variance in total biomass, while the residual variance in EDR was due likely to differences in the strengths of particle associations and magnitude of binding capacities. 相似文献
108.
We developed quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to distinguish each of the four clades (A–D) of dinoflagellate endosymbionts (genus Symbiodinium) commonly found in Caribbean corals. We applied these primer sets, which target portions of the multi-copy ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene family, to assess the presence/absence of symbionts in clade D (as indicated by the detection of clade D DNA). We detected these symbionts in five of six Caribbean host species/genera (21% of samples analyzed, N = 10 of 47 colonies), from which clade D had rarely or never been observed. This suggests that Symbiodinium in clade D are present in a higher diversity of coral species than previously thought. This qPCR-based approach can improve our understanding of the total microbial diversity associated with corals, particularly in hosts thought to be relatively specific, and has many other potential applications for studies of coral reef ecology and conservation. 相似文献
109.
Using a biopsy dart system, samples of skin tissue were collected from southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in 1995 on two wintering grounds, southwest Australia (n = 20) and the Auckland Islands of New Zealand (n = 20); and on offshore feeding grounds at Latitudes 40 to 43°, south of Western Australia (n = 5). A variable section of the mitochondrial DNA control-region (289 nucleotides) was amplified and sequenced from these
45 individuals (21 males, 20 females and 4 of unknown sex), distinguishing a total of seven unique sequences (i.e. mtDNA haplotypes).
Two haplotypes were found on both wintering grounds (including a common type representing 45% of each sample), and five types
were unique to only one wintering ground. An analysis of variance adapted for molecular information revealed significant genetic
differentiation between the two wintering grounds (p = 0.017). The feeding-ground sample was too small for statistical comparison with the wintering grounds, but included two
haplotypes found only in the Auckland Islands as well as the common haplotype found on both wintering grounds. The nucleotide
diversity and differentiation of mtDNA among the right whales was similar to that among humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from the same regions (Baker et al. 1998), but haplotype diversity was significantly reduced, perhaps as a result of more
intensive hunting during the last century and continued illegal hunting during this century.
Received: 16 March 1998 / Accepted: 18 December 1998 相似文献
110.
Marta Lisli Giannichi Yoni Gavish Timothy R. Baker Martin Dallimer Guy Ziv 《Conservation biology》2020,34(1):148-157
Offset schemes help avoid or revert habitat loss through protection of existing habitat (avoided deforestation), through the restoration of degraded areas (natural regrowth), or both. The spatial scale of an offset scheme may influence which of these 2 outcomes is favored and is an important aspect of the scheme's design. However, how spatial scale influences the trade-offs between the preservation of existing habitat and restoration of degraded areas is poorly understood. We used the largest forest offset scheme in the world, which is part of the Brazilian Forest Code, to explore how implementation at different spatial scales may affect the outcome in terms of the area of avoided deforestation and area of regrowth. We employed a numerical simulation of trade between buyers (i.e., those who need to offset past deforestation) and sellers (i.e., landowners with exceeding native vegetation) in the Brazilian Amazon to estimate potential avoided deforestation and regrowth at different spatial scales of implementation. Allowing offsets over large spatial scales led to an area of avoided deforestation 12 times greater than regrowth, whereas restricting offsets to small spatial scales led to an area of regrowth twice as large as avoided deforestation. The greatest total area (avoided deforestation and regrowth combined) was conserved when the spatial scale of the scheme was small, especially in locations that were highly deforested. To maximize conservation gains from avoided deforestation and regrowth, the design of the Brazilian forest-offset scheme should focus on restricting the spatial scale in which offsets occur. Such a strategy could help ensure conservation benefits are localized and promote the recovery of degraded areas in the most threatened forest landscapes. 相似文献