碳酸钙和粉煤灰对铅胁迫下小麦毒害的缓解效应

采用室内盆栽和网室盆栽的方法,研究了碳酸钙和粉煤灰对铅污染土壤的小麦幼苗生物效应、成熟期籽粒含铅量和蛋白质含量及生物产量的影响,探讨了碳酸钙和粉煤灰缓解铅毒害小麦的生理机制.结果表明,在轻度铅污染(铅为350 mg/kg)的小麦农田,1.0 g/kg碳酸钙或50 g/kg粉煤灰对小麦生长有明显的促进作用.能有效缓解铅对小麦的毒害;在重度铅污染(铅为600mg/kg)的小麦农田,1.0～2.0 g/kg碳酸钙或50～100 g/kg粉煤灰对小麦铅毒害缓解效果较好.     

添加堆肥和赤泥对土壤生物有效性Cd和Zn的影响

采用土壤培养实验,研究添加堆肥和赤泥对土壤中Zn和Cd生物有效性的影响。结果表明,单独添加堆肥或赤泥以及赤泥和堆肥一起添加到土壤,均可以降低土壤中的交换态Cd和Zn含量以及生物有效态Zn和Cd含量。与对照相比,培养1~3个月后,单独添加堆肥、单独添加赤泥和同时添加赤泥与堆肥导致土壤交换态Cd含量分别降低14%~18%、33.3%~46.1%和44.2%~57.7%;土壤交换态Zn含量分别降低54.4%~59%、100%和100%;土壤生物有效态Cd含量分别降低11.8%~14.7%、25.1%~33.7%和32.6%~43.9%;土壤生物有效态Zn含量分别降低14.1%~15.8%、59.7%~72.2%和43.2%~58.4%。     

绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用技术

运用生态学原理设计绿色建筑小区已逐渐成为潮流,节水与水资源利用的问题正日益受到关注.绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用技术集成优化了小区雨水收集与分散处理系统、雨水集中收集与处理系统、雨水渗透系统等技术,具有投资省、处理效果好、管理方便等优点,适合为今后的绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用建设参考.     

Effects of aging and sediment composition on hexachlorobenzene desorption resistance compared to oral bioavailability in rats

Studies were conducted to assess the effects of black carbon, clay type and aging (1-1.5yr) on desorption and bioavailability of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in spiked artificial sediments. Tenax (a super sorbent)-mediated desorption was used to examine the effects of these parameters on the physicochemical availability of HCB. The Tenax-mediated desorption of HCB from the four aged artificial sediments exhibited biphasic kinetics. The fast desorbing fractions ranged from 64.8% to 22.3%, showing reductions of 4.0-18.9% compared with freshly-spiked sediments. Statistical analysis on the fast desorbing fractions showed that all three treatment effects (i.e., montmorillonite clay, black carbon content, and aging) were significant. Two sediments with higher black carbon content exhibited much greater aging effects (i.e., greater reduction in fast desorbing fraction) than the other two sediments without the addition of black carbon. For both freshly-spiked and aged sediments, the desorption resistant sediment-bound HCB (i.e., slow desorbing fraction) correlated reasonably well to previously reported rat fecal elimination of HCB, which is a measure of the non-bioavailable fraction of sediment-bound HCB. A similar correlation was also observed between fast desorbing fraction and previously reported accumulation of HCB in the rat body (carcass+skin). These observations suggest that physicochemical availability, as defined by the desorption of HCB from sediments, provides a reasonable prediction of the oral bioavailability of sediment-bound HCB to rats. These results showed that montmorillonite clay, black carbon and aging reduced physicochemical availability and ultimately bioavailability of sediment-bound HCB.     

一种基于社会力的行人-自行车混合疏散模型及模拟研究

当公共安全事件发生时,借助自行车进行疏散是一种重要方式。针对这种情况,开展了行人-自行车混合疏散建模和模拟研究。为了更好量化自行车的超越行为,引入了临时期望运动方向,改变自行车的自驱力,实现对自行车避让超越行为的细致描述;修改了单车模型来更新自行车的运动,建立了一种多层次的自行车运动子模型。将该模型与行人社会力模型相结合,得到一种基于社会力的行人-自行车混合疏散模型“MixSF”。模拟发现,MixSF能够较好地再现混合疏散中的超越行为。在实验条件下,发现个体密度小于0.548人/m²时,自行车占比的增加能加快疏散;相对密度大于0.81时,自行车失去疏散速度优势。     

行李箱携带人群汇流过程的基本图实验研究

行李箱携带者作为公共交通枢纽一种典型的人员类型,研究其对人群运动特征的影响对于公共设施的优化具有重要意义。开展了行李箱携带人群在六种汇流角度下的紧急疏散实验,比较了不同汇流角度对行人运动速度及疏散效率的影响,获取了不同汇流角度和不同测量区域的运动基本图。结果表明：1)在实验设置下,比较不同汇流角度?(出口宽度d=3.00 m)发现,?越小(30°),人群运动速度最大(1.86 m/s)、累计疏散时间最短。随着汇流角度的增大,人群运动速度呈现降低趋势(?=180°时,人群运动速度最小(1.40 m/s)、累计疏散时间最长)。表明汇流角度小的设施,有利于提高行人疏散效率;2)比较不同测量区域的基本图(汇流角度一定)发现,汇流交汇处的人群密度分布要小于离交汇处较远的测量区域;3)比较不同汇流角度的基本图(测量区域一定)发现,汇流交汇处的行人密度与流量主要分布在1.34 m^-2～2.15 m^-2与2.00 (m·s)^-1～3.50 (m·s)^-1之间。并且,在实验观测的密度范围内,行人流量随着人群密度的增加...     

Self-feedback LSTM regression model for real-time particle source apportionment

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Study on the migration mechanisms of water-soluble agents in high-pressure rotary jetting remediation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High-pressure rotary jetting (HPRJ) remediation is a recent-applied technology for in situ remediation of contaminated soils. The effectiveness of...     

N-doped carbon fibers in situ prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of Camellia sinensis branches waste for efficient removal of heavy metal ions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - N-doped carbon fibers (NCFs) were in situ prepared by Camellia sinensis branches waste through hydrothermal carbonization with urea/ZnCl2 at...