洋河水库水华优势种演替的原因分析

针对鱼腥藻和微囊藻这2种洋河水库水华暴发常见优势藻,研究了其在不同温度及硝态氮浓度下的生长情况。结果表明,在温度15～25℃,硝态氮浓度0.05～10 mg/L的范围内,温度的升高、硝态氮浓度的增加,对鱼腥藻的生长影响不明显,却能够明显地促进微囊藻的增长。15℃或0.05 mg/L硝氮条件下,鱼腥藻的比增长速率高于微囊藻,而25℃或10 mg/L硝氮时,微囊藻的比增长速率分别达到了0.425 d-1和0.466 d-1,明显超过鱼腥藻。洋河水库逐年升高的硝态氮浓度以及夏秋季节比较适宜的温度促进了微囊藻的增长,可能是洋河水库水华优势种由螺旋鱼腥藻向微囊藻转变的重要因素。     

ZnO的制备及其光催化性能

分别采用草酸沉淀法和柠檬酸络合法制备了纤锌矿型ZnO,通过X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对ZnO的结构和形貌进行了表征,并研究了所制备的ZnO对溶液中甲基橙的光催化降解性能.实验结果表明:草酸沉淀法制备的ZnO为小颗粒堆积而成的空心类柱状体,柠檬酸络合法制备的ZnO为小球形颗粒;草酸沉淀法制备的ZnO...     

复合型CoO／TiO2光催化剂降解亚甲基蓝动力学研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶凝胶法,制备了CoO掺杂的TiO2光催化剂。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外可见漫反射（UV—visDRS）对催化剂进行了分析、表征。以中压汞灯为光源,研究了亚甲基蓝（MB）在CoO／TiO2微粒水悬浮液中的降解动力学。结果表明：所制备的催化剂活性组分主要是锐钛矿型的二氧化钛和CoO固溶体,粒径为25～30nm,分布均匀。亚甲基蓝的光催化降解动力学满足一级动力学,在一定的浓度范围内,反应速率常数随初始浓度增大而减少,适当的掺钴量可以有效地提高TiO2光催化活性,其最佳掺杂量重量百分比为0．25％。     

盐沼枯落物碳氮和有色溶解有机物淋溶过程研究

盐沼枯落物的短期淋溶过程对东滩沿岸的水质有重要影响.采用东滩3种典型盐沼植物的茎和叶的枯落物为材料进行为期48h的室内浸泡模拟实验.利用有机碳探测分析仪测定不同时间的可溶性有机碳(DOC)和总可溶性氮(TDN)浓度然后转换为累积释放量,通过紫外可见光光谱参数表征有色溶解有机物(CDOM)浓度,结合三维荧光光谱(EEMs)和平行因子(PARAFAC)分析推断CDOM的荧光组分的变化特征.结果 表明在淋溶释放的最初48 h,DOC、TDN、CDOM、两个类腐殖质荧光组分和两个类蛋白荧光组分的释放过程呈对数曲线状,最初8h增长迅速,8～48 h则增幅减缓或出现小幅下降趋势.不同种类的植物以及同种植物的不同部位的初始基质对枯落物的DOC和TDN释放量有显著影响.TDN最大累积释放量与初始基质有机碳和氮含量呈显著的正相关.枯物体中的氮比有机碳更容易淋失.各个荧光组分的贡献率变化不大,但不同植物种类之间存在显著差异,由此可以推断枯落物的初期淋溶以物理性过程为主.我们的研究结果表明,盐沼枯落物的淋溶对潮滩水水质有着显著的影响.     

冬季减排对广东省空气污染的影响分析

使用WRF-SMOKE-CAMx模型模拟了2017年1月广东省各市的主要大气污染物,模型对SO 2,O 3,PM 10和PM 2.5的模拟效果较好,但对NO 2存在低估,目前的排放源清单可能普遍低估了NO x的排放量。与基准年2015年相比,预测2020年广东省人为源的SO 2,NO 2,CO,PM 10,PM 2.5,VOCs,NH 3排放分别下降40%,32%,37%,23%,25%,31%,18%。在气象场与2017年1月一致的假设下,2020年同期广东省各市平均NO,NO 2,SO 2,PM 10,PM 2.5月均值下降率分别为31%,19%,17%,14%,14%。O 3平均浓度出现反弹,涨幅均值为11%,主要是由NO滴定效应减弱导致,显示了广东省臭氧污染防治的难度。不同地区气态污染物浓度变化率存在较大差异,2020年冬季珠三角地区的臭氧浓度上升显著,粤东与粤北的上升幅度相对较低;各市气溶胶的变化率相对较接近。     

Building disaster resilience using social messaging networks: the WeChat community in Houston,Texas, during Hurricane Harvey

Analyses of disaster resilience have focused increasingly on the role of social capital and online social networks in recovery. This study complements this field of work by investigating three key issues. First, it examines how a social messaging application, WeChat, helped individuals to access and to mobilise three types of social capital—bonding, bridging, and linking—during Hurricane Harvey, a Category 4 storm that made landfall in Louisiana and Texas in the United States in August 2017, resulting in significant flooding and loss of life. Second, it pinpoints and assesses quantitatively how individuals' WeChat group usage and social capital influenced their post-disaster well-being. Third, it demonstrates how a minority and immigrant community in Houston, Texas, overcame the disadvantages commonly observed in other disaster research through the utilisation of social media. The findings of this study should aid governmental and community efforts to foster resilience in the face of natural and human-induced hazards.     

臭氧洗消化学战剂模拟剂DPCP试验研究

用臭氧对神经性化学战剂的模拟剂氯磷酸二苯酯（DPCP）进行洗消,试验考察了初始酸度、O₂流量、放电功率、放电室压力、反应温度、初始浓度和O₃流量等因素对DPCP降解率的影响。碱性条件下DPCP降解率高于酸性条件下的降解率;反应温度、O₃流量、放电功率的增加,DPCP降解率上升;初始浓度增加,DPCP降解率下降;氧气流量和放电室压力增加,DPCP降解率先上升,后下降。在最佳反应条件下,50 mg/L的DPCP处理16 min降解率达到98%,矿化率40.1%。     

Environmental analysis of groundwater in Mecosta County, Michigan

Groundwater withdrawal has major economic, social, and environmental implications. In Michigan, recent legislative activity has begun to address the issue of groundwater sustainability. However, more hydrologic data are needed to help inform policy and legislation. A study was conducted in Mecosta County, Michigan to: (1) determine if a relationship could be established between land use/land cover and groundwater quality; and (2) develop a conceptual model for the shallow groundwater system of the study region. In general, groundwater quality was good, with below detection levels of E. coli, low total bacterial counts, and relatively low nutrient concentrations. No statistically significant associations were found between the bacterial numbers and either land use or the physical/chemical attributes measured, which may be because the scale of our spatial analysis was too coarse to detect patterns. Finer-scale, localized processes may have a greater influence on microorganism growth and abundance than coarser-scale, regional processes in this area. Our groundwater analysis suggested that shallow groundwater flow paths are generally consistent with regional surface water flow networks, and that shallow groundwater levels in most of the region have fluctuated within 1–2 m over the past 30 years, with no obvious increasing or decreasing trend.     

The use of oxyhalogen in photocatalytic reaction to remove o-chloroaniline in TiO2 dispersion

Photodecay of o-chloroaniline (o-ClA) in various combinations of UV sources, TiO2, and oxyhalogens was investigated. To improve the conventional photocatalytic process by using UV/TiO2, the addition of oxyhalogens (ClO3(-), BrO3(-) and IO3(-)) into UV/TiO2 system was studied and the effect in such addition is very encouraging for all the selected additives. Oxyhalogens are capable of deferring the electron-hole recombination of TiO2 which significantly improved its catalytic performance. The presence of IO3(-) in UV/TiO2 resulted in the fastest o-ClA decay among three oxhalogens at the same dosage. The decay of o-ClA in UV/TiO2/oxyhalogen process is characterized by a two-stage pseudo-kinetics, where a faster initial decay was followed by a retardation state. A mathematics model was successfully established for the prediction of the two-stage decay of o-ClA in UV/TiO2/IO3(-) with any designed [IO3(-)] concentration.     

Removal of phenylurea herbicide monuron via riboflavin-mediated photosensitization

Photodegradation of the phenylurea herbicide monuron by using riboflavin (Rf), a sensitizer, was investigated by varying the doses of monuron and Rf in this work. An enhanced photochemical effect was observed in the process compared with the direct photolysis by using UV irradiation only. The reaction time was greatly shortened from more than 60 min (direct photolysis) to 8-30 min depending on the doses of initial concentration of monuron ([M]0) and Rf. A modified hyperbola model was found to be useful to determine the reaction kinetics and thereafter the performance on the photodegradation of monuron sensitized by Rf. Two measurable characteristic constants (initial decay rate and total removal index) were used to quantify the reaction. The maximum removal difference compared with the direct photolysis and Rf-sensitization was investigated. It was found that the improvement of the process depended on both the [M]0 and the doses of Rf.