煤矿安全生产的特性

近几年,从我国各类事故统计中分析,煤矿安全事故是仅次于事故“老大”的道路交通,煤矿安全形势非常严峻。我们仅以2006年为例,2006年我国煤矿事故死亡4746人。煤矿百万吨死亡率为2．041,达到了历史最好水平。全国煤矿共发生瓦斯事故327起,死亡1319人,     

煅烧温度和添加剂对提高煤矸石中氧化铝溶出率的实验研究

煤矸石是煤炭在开采、洗选过程中产生的固体废弃物,其中二氧化硅、氧化铝和碳占到矸石总量的90%以上,又是一种可以利用的资源。实验以山西潞安煤矿的洗矸为原料,采用SEM、IR和XRD等分析测试手段对不同煅烧温度下的煤矸石进行微观形貌、化学键变化和矿物组成的分析研究,确定氧化铝的活化温度区间;并根据煤矸石的活化机理,选择提高氧化铝溶出率的添加剂。实验结果为：煤矸石中氧化铝的活化温度区间为600～850℃;酸浸过程中添加氟化钠可以打开煤矸石中的SiO₂—Al₂O₃,使氧化铝溶出率达到90%以上,和通常条件下氧化铝的溶出率相比提高20%左右。本研究为煤矸石高值利用提取氧化铝提供了技术基础,也为粉煤灰等低铝含量矿物的开发利用提供借鉴。     

Research on fault diagnosis for reciprocating compressor valve using information entropy and SVM method

A method of compressor valve fault diagnosis using information entropy and SVM is proposed in this paper. The main obstacle in the fault diagnosis focuses on the low non-linear pattern recognition performance and small sample number. Therefore, the information entropy, which is flexible and tolerant to the non-linearity problem, is applied to analyze the characteristic of the signals. SVM is employed in the fault classification because of its superiority in dealing with smaller sample problem. The information entropy features and the optimization test of the SVM model are detailed analyzed. The experiment shows the good performance of the information entropy SVM method in compressor valve fault diagnosis.     

环境与资源保护法视野下的农村饮水安全

农村饮水安全不仅仅是工程技术层面上的问题,更是一个法律问题。环境与资源保护法视野下的农村饮水安全具有重要的法律意义,农村饮水安全需要真正意义上的法定化,并设定农村安全饮水供给与需求保障机制、饮水安全市场交易机制、饮水安全管理机制多重法律保障机制。     

圩区排涝模数计算方法研究

合理确定圩区排涝模数对于降低涝灾损失有重要意义。圩区内土地利用性质的不同,会导致产汇流机制和排涝标准的不同,但排涝模数的计算方法基本一致。充分考虑圩内河道的调蓄作用,根据圩区下垫面条件进行产汇流计算,入河流量扣除滞蓄量得到排涝模数。以江苏省常熟市为例,对城镇圩区、农业圩区排涝模数进行计算,并分析了两种圩区不同的排涝要求对排涝模数计算方法的影响。     

日本汽车回收再利用制度对中国的借鉴意义

随着中国<循环经济促进法>的颁布,报废汽车的回收再利用问题引起了更多的关注.在介绍日本汽车回收再利用制度的内容、运行机制及特点的基础上,分析了中国报废汽车回收再利用的现状及存在问题,阐述了日本汽车回收再利用制度对中国的借鉴意义.     

球形填料对复合垂直流土地渗滤系统去污效果的生物强化

通过对复合垂直流渗滤系统中增加球型填料,利用生物强化提高系统对城市生活污水污染物去除能力的研究,优化了复合垂直流渗滤系统.并且通过研究,探索了系统非生物作用与生物作用对氮的降解机制.结果表明,通过生物强化系统生活污水中COD的去除率由原来的74.7%提高到85.3%;对NH3-N的去除率由原来的28.7%提高到52.9%;对TN的去除率从31.0%提高到41.7%;系统对TP的去除率由30.9%提高到49.3%.球形填料通过提高系统的硝化活性,增加对氨氮的降解转化效率,同时生物量的大小,也是影响氨氮的降解转化效率的重要因素.系统对污水中氮的降解是以生物作用为主,氮转化以硝化效果较强,反硝化效果比较弱.     

Temporal and spatial variations in the relationship between urbanization and water quality

With the development of economy, most of Chinese cities are at the stage of rapid urbanization in recent years, which has caused many environmental problems, especially the serious deterioration of water quality. Therefore, the research of the relationship between urbanization and water quality has important theoretical and practical significance, and it is also the main restriction factor in the urbanization advancement. In this work, we investigated the impact of urbanization on the water quality of the nearby river. We established a comprehensive environmental assessment framework by combining urbanization and water quality, and one model was designed to examine the impact of urbanization on the water quality in Jinan from 2001 to 2010 with factor component analysis. The assessment of urbanization level was accomplished using a comprehensive index system, which was based on four aspects: demographic urbanization, economic urbanization, land urbanization, and social urbanization. In addition, synthetic pollution index method was utilized to assess the water pollution of Xiaoqing River in the study area. Through the analysis of regression curves, we conclude that (1) when the urbanization level is below 25 %, the relationship is low and irregular; (2) if the urbanization level varies between 25 and 40 %, there will be an irreversible degradation of stream water quality; (3) there is a positive correlation between urbanization and pollution levels of urban river after the adjustment period; and (4) land and demographic aspects have the highest independent contribution. This study is a useful reference for policymakers in terms of economic and environmental management.     

混凝沉淀前处理对丙烯酸丁酯废水陶瓷膜过滤膜污染的影响

采用混凝沉淀-双层滤料过滤-陶瓷膜过滤组合工艺去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中浊度物质。结果表明,废水pH值、混凝药剂投加量、混凝沉淀水力条件不仅对丙烯酸丁酯废水混凝沉淀出水和双层滤料过滤单元出水浊度具有重要影响,而且对后续陶瓷膜过滤单元膜污染均具有重要影响。双层滤料过滤出水浊度与陶瓷膜污染阻力具有明显的正相关关系,双层滤料过滤出水浊度越高,陶瓷膜污染阻力越大。废水pH在7.0~10.0范围内、混凝药剂PAC或PAM投加过量、废水流量过高都会造成双层滤料过滤出水浊度偏高,导致陶瓷膜污染严重。     

水单胞菌CA滤液的溶藻特性及其溶藻物质

针对一株具有明显溶藻效果的水单胞菌CA（Aquimonas sp.）,对其滤液的溶藻活性以及溶藻物质特性做了进一步的探索。结果表明,CA滤液具有强烈的溶藻效果。10 d内叶绿素a降解率达79.2%,藻细胞数目降解率达98.5%。同时,藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白急剧降低,分别降低了81.67%和82.60%。丙二醛含量也有所降低。通过研究溶藻物质的活性,发现溶藻物质经蛋白酶K处理后仍具有溶藻活性,说明溶藻物质是非蛋白类物质;溶藻物质具有较强的热稳定性,即使在121℃下处理2 h活性仍未丧失;溶藻物质在碱性条件下有较强的pH稳定性,在酸性条件下活性会有小部分丧失;同时通过有机试剂萃取,发现溶藻物质具有较强的极性。本研究为溶藻物质的溶藻特性研究以及溶藻物质的分离提供了理论基础。