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581.
International pharmaceutical companies are becoming increasingly proactive in their approach to environmental management, and the results so far are impressive. The forces that affect the global pharmaceutical industry will most likely push these companies toward even greater commitments to environmental improvement and, ultimately, sustainability. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
582.
In an era of increasing stakeholder scrutiny, virtually any company or industry is vulnerable to exaggerated claims of environmental harm against its products. When these claims are picked up by the media, the company can suddenly have a full‐fledged crisis on its hands. That's exactly the position the carpet industry found itself in a few years ago. But, as this article explains, carpet makers were able to fight back effectively using sound science and diplomacy. The carpet industry's experience offers valuable lessons for the entire business community. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
583.
This study of 402 professional and administrative employees of a VA hospital addressed the question of whether certain dispositional factors (Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Equity Sensitivity) could account for the relationship between contextual work attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Findings indicate this not to be the case. Fairness/satisfaction had independent effects on OCB. Additionally, Conscientiousness predicted some forms of OCB. Neither Agreeableness nor Equity Sensitivity affected OCB. Implications are noted for further inquiry into OCB. 相似文献
584.
Dyer SD Sanderson H Waite SW Van Compernolle R Price B Nielsen AM Evans A Decarvalho AJ Hooton DJ Sherren AJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,120(1-3):45-63
A feasible and relatively readily available analytical method was adapted for the assessment of alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and fatty alcohols (FA) in sediments. This study illustrates the simultaneous measurement of 38 of 114 possible alcohol ethoxylate ethoxymers (AE) and fatty alcohols (FA) found in commercially important AE products. We predicted toxicity for all identified fractions, as well as the total mixture toxicity, relative to three exposure scenarios via sewage treatment plants (STP) for these widely used chemicals in consumer products and hence generate a preliminary environmental risk screening for AE and FA in sediments. The method is based on derivatization of solvent or solid-phase extracts with 2-fluoro-N-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (Pyr+). The derivatized extracts were analyzed with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) operating in the positive ion electrospray mode. The extraction efficiency of AE and FA in three different sediments of varying composition was evaluated with spike-recovery studies, ranging from 64% to 80%. The detection limits for individual ethoxymers typically ranged from 1 to 5ngg−1on a dry weight basis. The mean limit of detection (LOD) was 6ngg−1and the median LOD was 3ngg−1. AE and FA in sediments were found to be stable for two weeks if preserved with 3% (v/v) formalin and stored at 4–6∘C. Based on equilibrium partitioning, background concentrations of AE and FA were predicted to be below concentrations known to elicit chronically toxic effects. Total worst case mixture toxicities for all AE ethoxymers combined with FA were predicted to result in a risk quotient less than 0.6. Activated sludge treatment (STP) significantly reduced the release of total AE and FA by four-fold, suggesting that the total mixture risk quotient would be < 0.15 for sediment dependent organisms. 相似文献
585.
Lindsey L. Thurman John E. Gross Claudia Mengelt Erik A. Beever Laura M. Thompson Gregor W. Schuurman Christopher L. Hoving Julian D. Olden 《Conservation biology》2022,36(2):e13838
Adaptive capacity (AC)—the ability of a species to cope with or accommodate climate change—is a critical determinant of species vulnerability. Using information on species’ AC in conservation planning is key to ensuring successful outcomes. We identified connections between a list of species’ attributes (e.g., traits, population metrics, and behaviors) that were recently proposed for assessing species’ AC and management actions that may enhance AC for species at risk of extinction. Management actions were identified based on evidence from the literature, a review of actions used in other climate adaptation guidance, and our collective experience in diverse fields of global-change ecology and climate adaptation. Selected management actions support the general AC pathways of persist in place or shift in space, in response to contemporary climate change. Some actions, such as genetic manipulations, can be used to directly alter the ability of species to cope with climate change, whereas other actions can indirectly enhance AC by addressing ecological or anthropogenic constraints on the expression of a species’ innate abilities to adapt. Ours is the first synthesis of potential management actions directly linked to AC. Focusing on AC attributes helps improve understanding of how and why aspects of climate are affecting organisms, as well as the mechanisms by which management interventions affect a species’ AC and climate change vulnerability. Adaptive-capacity-informed climate adaptation is needed to build connections among the causes of vulnerability, AC, and proposed management actions that can facilitate AC and reduce vulnerability in support of evolving conservation paradigms. 相似文献
586.
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - After applying canonical correspondence analysis to metagenomics data with hugely different library sizes (site totals) it became evident that Canoco and... 相似文献