填料表面亲水改性对MBBR处理船舶生活污水的影响

为研究填料表面亲水改性对移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理废水的影响,考察了氧化处理、酸处理和碱处理3种亲水改性方法所得不同聚丙烯K1型填料(水的液面接触角分别为41°、62°和75°,未处理填料为87°)对模拟船舶生活污水的处理效果。结果表明,亲水性越强,挂膜量越多,膜结构越致密。在亲水性较低的情况下,挂膜量是限制污水处理的主要因素,亲水性越强污水处理效果越好;在亲水性较高的情况下,膜结构成为污水处理的限制因素,亲水性增强对水处理有不利影响。比较不同亲水性填料的污水处理结果可知,表面酸处理所得接触角为62°的填料污水处理效果相对最好,COD和氨氮的平均去除率分别为87%和61%;其次依次为液面接触角41°、75°和87°的填料。     

华北地区典型城市污水处理厂污泥填埋处置可行性分析

通过对中国华北地区4座典型城市污水处理厂污泥(以下简称城市污泥)连续6年的泥质数据分析,探讨了城市污泥填埋处置的技术和经济可行性。结果表明,城市污泥不能直接进行填埋处置,若作为垃圾填埋场覆盖土或与城市垃圾混合填埋处置时,需要对其作进一步的无害化处理;随着华北地区城市污水处理厂进水要求的进一步提高,废水处理工艺的不断改进,在城市污泥各项污染物指标满足《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置混合填埋泥质》(CJ249—2007)后,可将其作为垃圾填埋场覆盖土或与城市垃圾混合填埋处置;在填埋场地条件许可、城市污泥产量大的华北地区,处置费用合理的填埋方式是较为适宜的城市污泥处置方式。     

Effect of acetate and propionate on the production and characterization of soluble microbial products (SMP) in aerobic granular sludge system

It is well known that soluble microbial products (SMP) derived from biological systems found in wastewater treatment plant effluent are responsible for chemical oxygen demand (COD). Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is recognized as an efficient and innovative approach for wastewater treatment. Acetate and propionate as two dominant organic substances in wastewater need to be effectively removed before discharge. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acetate and propionate to interfere with the accumulation, molecular weight (MW) distribution and composition of SMP in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system using two identical sequencing batch reactors (SBR) named R1 and R2, respectively, thus reducing the COD. The results demonstrated that more SMP accumulated in R1 in presence of acetate compared to R2 treated with propionate. A positive correlation for SMP formation was detected as evidenced by aeration rates, but a negative correlation with hydraulic retention time (HRT). The MW distribution analysis suggested that small molecules (MW <3?kDa) were the dominant fraction of SMP in R1 and R2, accounting for 57–79% and 39–61%, respectively. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated that esters, alkanes, alkenes and alcohols were the predominant low-MW SMP in R1 and R2. More peaks were present in R2 (61) than R1 (46). Esters were the predominant SMP (39%) in R1, while alkanes were the predominant SMP (31%) in R2. Further, microbial community analysis indicated that more α- and γ-Proteobacteria groups which readily utilize low-MW SMP were found in R2 compared to R1-granules which may have contributed to less SMP accumulated in R2. The abundant genera in the granules were Zoogloea and Azoarcus, in particular, a greater quantity of Azoarcus was detected in R2 than R1-granules, which may be associated with higher degradation of aromatics in SMP.     

超低改造后吸收塔浆液起泡溢流问题原因分析及建议

针对某燃煤机组超净改造后脱硫吸收塔浆液起泡的现象及危害,从溢流物质分析、导致浆液品质变差的原因、脱硫系统水平衡等方面进行原因分析,并提出解决吸收塔浆液起泡溢流问题的技术措施,电厂吸收塔浆液起泡溢流现象得到有效解决,提高了FGD系统运行的稳定性。     

安徽铜陵鸡冠石银(金)矿床地质地球化学特征

鸡冠石银 (金 )矿床是铜陵地区一个具中型规模的银 (金 )矿床 ,在整个长江中、下游地区都有其代表性。矿床分四个主要成矿阶段 :夕卡岩阶段、氧化物 -硫化物阶段、石英 -硫化物阶段和石英多金属硫化物-碳酸盐阶段。对矿床的微量元素分析结果表明 ,独立的银、金矿物和含Au、Ag低的硫化物、含Ag硫盐矿物 ,主要形成于热液成矿期中晚阶段 ;矿床的轻、重稀土元素总浓度比值与辉石二长闪长岩相近 ,反映出二者的同源特征 ;稳定同位素和流体包裹体成分分析结果 ,反映出该矿床以岩浆热液为主的成因标志 ;成矿热液以岩浆水为主 ,但在成矿晚期有大气降水和地层成分加入 ;成矿流体为NaCl-KCl -H2 O体系 ;矿床成因属夕卡岩 -中低温热液充填 -交代型矿床     

Innovatively employing magnetic CuO nanosheet to activate peroxymonosulfate for the treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater

Magnetic CuO nanosheet(Mag-CuO), as a cheap, stable, efficient and easily separated peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activator, was prepared by a simple one-step precipitation method for the removal of organic compounds from salt-containing wastewater.The experiments showed that the removal efficiencies of various organic pollutants including Acid Orange 7, Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B and atrazine in a high-salinity system(0.2 mol/L Na_2SO_4) with the Mag-CuO/PMS process were 95.81%, 74.57%, 100% and 100%,respectively.Meanwhile, Mag-CuO still maintained excellent catalytic activity in other salt systems including one or more salt components(NaCl, NaNO_3, Na_2HPO_4, NaHCO_3).A radical-quenching study and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that singlet oxygen(~1O_2) was the dominant reactive oxygen species for the oxidation of organic pollutants in high-salinity systems, which is less susceptible to hindrance by background constituents in wastewater than radicals(~·OH or SO_4~(·-)).The surface hydroxylation of the catalyst and catalytic redox cycle including Cu and Fe are responsible for the generation of~1O_2.The developed Mag-CuO catalyst shows good application prospects for the removal of organic pollutants from saline wastewater.     

基于核磁共振技术不同煤样吸附CH4实验研究

为研究CH4在高、中、低阶3种煤样(无烟煤、焦煤、长焰煤)中的吸附特性及分布规律,采用低场核磁共振技术在不同吸附时间、不同压力条件下分别进行不同煤样的吸附甲烷实验.从微观上分析时间效应、变质效应、压力效应对煤吸附CH4的影响规律及甲烷在煤上各个孔径阶段分布变化.结果表明:随着吸附时间的增大,3种煤样的吸附态T2谱振幅积...     

氨氧化菌群的筛选及发酵条件的优化

利用选择性培养基对活性污泥进行连续驯化,筛选出氨氮去除效率较高且稳定的氨氧化菌群。采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术分析了氨氧化菌群在连续传代过程中菌群的结构差异,并对菌群的发酵培养基及发酵条件分别进行了正交优化和单因子优化。结果表明,该菌群的最佳发酵培养基为每升培养基中含碳酸盐缓冲液15mmol,硫酸铵4.2 mmol,磷酸盐缓冲液12.5 mmol,硫酸亚铁0.9μmol,氯化钙0.4 mmol,硫酸镁1.5 mmol;最佳发酵条件为:接种量为14%,装液量为60 mL/250 mL,温度为35℃。在此条件下,菌群对氨氮的去除效果较优化前提高了155%。     

氐温喹啉降解菌的筛选及降解性能

从吉林石化污水处理厂的活性污泥中驯化、筛选获得一株降解效率高且生长速率快高效耐冷菌,命名为WS-5。该菌能以喹啉作为惟一的碳源、氮源及能源。结合菌体的形态观察、生理生化特性实验及16SrDNA序列同源性对比分析,鉴定菌株WS-5为恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonasputida）。不同降解条件下的实验结果表明,菌株WS-5的最佳降解条件是投菌量为15％,pH值范围在8～10,摇床转速为100r／min。最佳降解环境下对200mg／L的喹啉在132h降解率达到了85．3％。菌株WS-5对初始喹啉浓度为50、100、200和300mg／L的初始喹啉浓度分别在36、72、192和262h内完全降解。这将为今后在低温条件下处理含喹啉废水提供技术指导。     

超声与次氯酸钠耦合预处理剩余污泥的中温厌氧消化效果

以某城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为对象,通过实验研究了超声与次氯酸钠预处理对污泥的溶胞效果,以及对后续厌氧消化的影响。结果表明,超声与次氯酸钠耦合作用最优操作条件为超声声能密度1.0 W/mL,作用时间50 min。在此条件下,次氯酸钠投加量为4.023 mg/g SS时,对污泥厌氧消化改善效果最明显,剩余污泥产气率及甲烷含量较对照组分别提高了69.73%和10%。同时污泥VSS去除率由11.11%提高到21.24%,在一定程度上实现了污泥减量。