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N. Boulain B. Cappelaere L. Séguis J. Gignoux C. Peugeot 《Regional Environmental Change》2006,6(3):147-156
Significant, adverse climatic change and drastically increased demographic pressure have strongly affected, in recent years, the hydrology and environment in the semi-arid Sahel region of West Africa. Marked rain deficits have coincided with increased water runoff, meaning less water availability for the vegetation. Conversely, changes in vegetation cover have had strong repercussions on the hydrologic cycle. To study these phenomena, the coupling of two explicit, process-based models, of catchment hydrology and of mixed vegetation cover, respectively, has been undertaken and applied to a 2 km2 site in Niger. Some of the first significant results are presented herein. Some are consistent with intuitive judgments that can be made in the absence of a coupled model, others are much less so and show that representation through model coupling of hydrosphere/biosphere interactions is essential to produce more reliable analyses and projections. In particular, it is found that the relation of biomass productivity to rainfall under this dry, water-limited climate is not as straightforward as one would expect, more specifically, that its main control may not be the total season rainfall. 相似文献
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B. H. Kwa 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(2):209-217
During Malaysia’s rapid economic development into becoming a middle income country in the past several decades, environmental
changes resulted in altered land use patterns because of agricultural practices such as large scale rice, rubber and oil palm
cultivation. The impact of environmental changes brought about by rice and rubber cultivation affected the breeding habitats
of mosquito vectors which in turn affected the prevalence of two strains of lymphatic filariasis in different ways. With scrub
typhus, the development of oil palm plantations affected the ecology of mite and rodent populations which resulted in very
high incidence of the disease in affected populations. Malaysia’s relentless urbanization has resulted in increased incidence
of dengue, as peridomestic mosquito vectors increasingly colonize urban habitats. This article discusses how ecological factors
determine the way lymphatic filariasis, scrub typhus and dengue were spread in Malaysia. The nation’s experience with environmental
changes due to rapid development provides lessons for other developing countries in control programs and public health policy. 相似文献
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K. B. Gongalsky Zh. V. Filimonova A. D. Pokarzhevskii R. O. Butovsky 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2007,38(1):52-57
The influence of the Kosogorsky Metallurgical Plant (KMP; Tula region, Russia) on the abundance and biodiversity of carabid beetles and soil macrofauna and on the trophic activity of soil biota was studied. Metal concentrations in the impact plot were many times higher than those in the control plot located on the same transect. As the transect approached KMP, both the abundance of soil invertebrates (geobionts) and trophic activity of the soil biota remained unchanged, whereas the abundance and diversity of carabids (herpetobionts) decreased drastically. It is suggested that the impact of the KMP on herpetobionts is accounted for by modification of the structure of ecosystems and that herpetobiontic and geobiontic groups of the macrofauna respond differently to this impact because of differences in the ecological mechanisms of population response. 相似文献
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