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101.
Erin K. Cameron Inês S. Martins Patrick Lavelle Jérôme Mathieu Leho Tedersoo Mohammad Bahram Felix Gottschall Carlos A. Guerra Jes Hines Guillaume Patoine Julia Siebert Marten Winter Simone Cesarz Olga Ferlian Holger Kreft Thomas E. Lovejoy Luca Montanarella Alberto Orgiazzi Henrique M. Pereira Helen R. P. Phillips Josef Settele Diana H. Wall Nico Eisenhauer 《Conservation biology》2019,33(5):1187-1192
Human activities are accelerating global biodiversity change and have resulted in severely threatened ecosystem services. A large proportion of terrestrial biodiversity is harbored by soil, but soil biodiversity has been omitted from many global biodiversity assessments and conservation actions, and understanding of global patterns of soil biodiversity remains limited. In particular, the extent to which hotspots and coldspots of aboveground and soil biodiversity overlap is not clear. We examined global patterns of these overlaps by mapping indices of aboveground (mammals, birds, amphibians, vascular plants) and soil (bacteria, fungi, macrofauna) biodiversity that we created using previously published data on species richness. Areas of mismatch between aboveground and soil biodiversity covered 27% of Earth's terrestrial surface. The temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome had the highest proportion of grid cells with high aboveground biodiversity but low soil biodiversity, whereas the boreal and tundra biomes had intermediate soil biodiversity but low aboveground biodiversity. While more data on soil biodiversity are needed, both to cover geographic gaps and to include additional taxa, our results suggest that protecting aboveground biodiversity may not sufficiently reduce threats to soil biodiversity. Given the functional importance of soil biodiversity and the role of soils in human well-being, soil biodiversity should be considered further in policy agendas and conservation actions by adapting management practices to sustain soil biodiversity and considering soil biodiversity when designing protected areas. 相似文献
102.
Lim CY Yoo YH Sidharthan M Ma CW Bang IC Kim JM Lee KS Park NS Shin HW 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2006,27(3):461-466
In copper based antifouling (AF) paints Cu (I) oxide was largely used as booster biocide. In this study effect of Cu (I) oxide on two marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica and Dunaliella tertiolecta was demonstrated. EC50 (96 hr) concentrations estimated for T. suecica and D. tertiolecta were 1.3 mg l(-1) and 1.34 mg l(-1), respectively. Copper (I) oxide induced changes in growth, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents were observed in T. suecica and D. tertiolecta. At low concentration of 0.0625 mg l(-1), 3-26% and 1-16% growth stimulation was observed in T. suecica and T. tertiolecta respectively. Increasing Cu (I) oxide concentrations proportionately decreased the carbohydrate and protein contents. This study clearly indicates the toxicity of excessive Cu (I) oxide on growth and biochemical compositions of T. suecica and D. tertiolecta. 相似文献
103.
Richard Engeman Troy Hershberger Steve Orzell Rodney Felix Gary Killian John Woolard Jon Cornman David Romano Chet Huddleston Pat Zimmerman Chris Barre Eric Tillman Michael Avery 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7689-7697
Feral swine were targeted for control at Avon Park Air Force Range in south-central Florida to avert damage to sensitive wetland habitats on the 40,000-ha base. We conducted a 5-year study to assess impacts from control to this population that had been recreationally hunted for many years. Control was initiated in early 2009. The feral swine population was monitored from 2008 to 2012 using a passive tracking index (PTI) during the dry and wet seasons and using recreational hunter take rates from the dry season. All three indices showed substantial feral swine declines after implementing control, with indices leveling for the final two study years. Military missions and recreational hunting seasons impacted temporal and spatial consistency of control application, thereby limiting further impacts of control efforts on the feral swine population. The PTI was also able to monitor coyotes, another invasive species on the base, and detect Florida black bear and Florida panther, species of particular concern. 相似文献
104.
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106.
Problems and constraints in Philippine municipal fisheries: The case of San Miguel Bay,Camarines Sur
The Philippine fisheries accounted for 3.7% of the gross national product at current prices. The sector employed about 990,872
persons. Of the divisions comprising the industry, municipal fisheries continued to contribute the largest share of fish production.
However, the sector is beset with problems, many of which are best examplified by the case of San Miguel Bay (SMB). This paper
presents the problems and constraints confronting SMB, a common property resource. This bay's open access condition has led
to various problems, such as declining fishery resources, depressed socioeconomic conditions, illegal fishing, increasing
population, and conflict among resource users. A poor marketing system, low level of fishing technology, fishermen's noncompliance
and authorities' lax enforcement of rules and regulations, as well as lack of alternative sources of income further characterize
the condition in SMB. Establishment of fishing rights, improvement of the marketing system, provision of alternative sources
of income, and improvement of fishing technology were some of the solutions suggested. One major constraint, however, is financial,
Comanagement complemented with other management tools has been proposed in addressing the problems in SMB. 相似文献
107.
This study assessed the daily exposure to dioxin using comparable approach methods in order to predict the human health risks of dioxin on the general adult population and incinerator workers in Korea. The health risk assessment of dioxin involved four scenarios (General-Direct, General-Breast Milk, General-Blood, and Worker-Blood). The risks were described in terms of the excess cancer risk and the MOEs (Margin-Of-Exposure) for cancer, reproductive dysfunctions, endometriosis, and neurobehavioral effects. The adult daily intake (General-Direct) of dioxin was estimated to be 0.50 pg-TEQ/kg-day based on the dioxin concentrations in the environmental media and foods in Korea. The average dioxin concentrations in General-Breast Milk, General-Blood, and Worker-Blood were 15.13 pg-TEQ/g fat, 14.57 pg-TEQ/g lipid, and 22.90 pg-TEQ/g lipid, respectively. The lifetime average daily doses (LADDs) of dioxin for General-Breast Milk, General-Blood, and Worker-Blood were estimated to be 1.35 pg-TEQ/kg day, 0.99 pg-TEQ/kg day, and 1.15 pg-TEQ/kg day, respectively. Although the estimated risks of cancer and reproductive dysfunctions were not unusually high in any of the four scenarios, the MOE values for the neurobehavioral effects on infants were not sufficiently high to guarantee the safety against this endpoint. 相似文献
108.
Georgetown of Penang, an old city, is noted for its narrow streets. The existing traffic dispersal system is utterly inadequate to cope with the ever increasing number of cars and motorcycles on the road. The principal objective of this study is to build prediction models of CO to be employed as one of the planning tools in the future design of Penang urban traffic dispersal system. This study involves the monitoring of kerbside CO levels at selected sites and the fitting of hourly-averaged CO data to linear regression models incorporating the residual effect of CO emission due to traffic in the earlier periods and also different categories of vehicles. The best overall regression model appears to be the one based upon the total traffic count of motorcycles. This can be accounted for by the fact that the traffic counts of motorcycles and cars are highly correlated in most cases and that the emissions of CO from motorcycles are more readily detected as they travel closer to the kerb. The inclusion of residual CO in the models significantly improves the correlation coefficient from about 0.4 to about 0.7. 相似文献
109.
Samples of the hermatypic coralGalaxea fascicularis were collected between April 1987 and April 1990 from coral reefs off Singapore (103 °45E; 1 °13N). Ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity was detected in the plasma-membrane-enriched heavy microsomal fraction ofG. fascicularis. The high affinity component hadKm andVmax values of 0.0021 mM and 0.050 µmol Pi mg–1 protein min–1, respectively; corresponding values for the low affinity component were 0.15 mM and 0.85 µmol mg–1 protein min–1. The activity of the high affinity component was inhibited 80 and 50%, respectively, by the anticalmodulin drugs calmidazolium and chlorpromazine. The low affinity component of the Ca2+-ATPase may represent activities of alkaline phosphatase, Ca2+-ATPase from membranes of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, or calmodulin-dissociated plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase resulting from the removal of Ca2+ by EDTA during the isolation process. The high affinity Ca2+-ATPase is probably the enzyme responsible for Ca2+ extrusion from the cells ofG. fascicularis. The high and low affinity components of this Ca2+-ATPase could use ATP and ADP as substrates. Maximum activities of both components were registered at pH 7 and at 45°C. Ruthenium red, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+-ATPase, inhibited the activities of the high and low affinity Ca2+-ATPase by 100 and 60%, respectively. Inhibition of the activities of both components was also observed with sulphydryl reagents (PCMB and mersalyl). However, DCMU, diamox, dinitrophenol, iodoacetate, fluoride, cyanide, ouabain, oligomycin B and L-phenylalanine had no effect on the enzyme activities. 相似文献
110.
Management status of end-of-life vehicles and characteristics of automobile shredder residues in Korea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim KH Joung HT Nam H Seo YC Hee Hong J Yoo TW Lim BS Park JH 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2004,24(6):533-540
An end-of-life vehicle (ELV) is dismantled to recover and recycle any re-usable parts, then shipped to the shredding facility for further recovery of iron with any remaining Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR) to be considered as wastes and to be disposed of by either thermal treatment or landfill. Overall ELVs management status in Korea, including recycling resulting from the dismantling processes, was surveyed using some questionnaires given to dismantlers and other available information to provide some feasible means for future treatment. The averaged recycle rate in the dismantling stage showed a value of 44% and the rest of an ELV was then compressed and transported to shredding companies to recover mainly the iron content which averaged 38.7% of the mass of a new vehicle. The non-ferrous metals such as copper, antimony, zinc and aluminum accounted for only 1.5%. The Shredder dusts (SDs) were found to be composed of light and heavy fluffs and soil/dust and amounted to 15.8% based on the mass of a new vehicle. Dumping of fluff and inorganic residues into a landfill site, however, will be restricted when new regulations are implemented to reduce the disposal amount to less than 5% of a new car as done in European countries and Japan. The detailed characteristics of SDs were investigated to provide an idea of how to treat them in order to meet a future expected enforcement. 相似文献