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41.
The alvinellid Paralvinella grasslei is a common endemic polychaete from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities located on the East Pacific Rise (EPR). These organisms colonise a large range of microhabitats around active sites where physico-chemical conditions are thought to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, in this aerobic organism, ROS could also be generated by the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In this paper, we investigated the effect of ambient oxygen concentration on the activities of three essential antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPX) and their relationships with the activity of enzymes involved in aerobic metabolism (cytochrome c oxidase, COX; citrate synthase, CS). Results of incubation of P. grasslei in a high-pressure vessel with circulating seawater at different oxygen partial pressures indicate that this worm regulates COX and CS activities differently in gills and body wall. CAT and GPX activities increase in these tissues when animals are maintained in filtered surface seawater. Moreover, levels of malondialdehyde increase in gills, testifying that oxidative damage occurs under these conditions. CAT and GPX activities are positively related to COX and CS activities, but no correlation was detected between SOD and the metabolic enzyme activities. In comparison with littoral annelids, SOD activities are very high whereas CAT activities are very low or absent in P. grasslei. The possible reasons for the occurrence of such differences are discussed. 相似文献
42.
ABSTRACTThe failure of societies to respond in a concerted, meaningful way to climate change is a core concern of the social science climate literature. Existing explanations of social inertia display little coherence. Here, a theoretical approach is suggested that integrates disparate perspectives on social inertia regarding climate change. Climate change constitutes a potential cultural trauma. The threat of cultural trauma is met with resistance and attempts to restore and maintain the status quo. Thus, efforts to avoid large-scale social changes associated with climate change constitute an effort to avoid cultural trauma, and result in social inertia regarding climate change at individual, institutional, and societal levels. Existing approaches to social inertia are reviewed. An intellectual framework utilizing the work of Pierre Bourdieu is proposed to integrate these different levels of social interaction. Social processes that maintain social order and thus avoid cultural trauma create social inertia regarding climate change. 相似文献
43.
Devault Damien A. Guillemin Jean-Philippe Millet Maurice Eymery Franck Hulin Marion Merlo Mathilde 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):61-67
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Prosulfocarb is a thiocarbamate herbicide that is rapidly growing in use due to the progressive bioresistance of weeds to certain pesticides and the... 相似文献
44.
Devault Damien A. Massat Félix Baylet Alexandre Dolique Franck Lopez Pascal-Jean 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):6-16
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Massive Sargassum sp. beachings have been occurring on Caribbean shores since 2011. The sargassum involved in such events are S. fluitans and S.... 相似文献
45.
46.
Franck A. Atienzar Zoë Billinghurst Michael H. Depledge 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(3)
There is a growing concern over the potential effects of environmental endocrine disrupters on both human and wildlife populations. However, to date, minimal research has been conducted to determine the effect of estrogens and xenoestrogens at the DNA level. In this study, we used the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay to evaluate the effects on the genomic DNA of barnacle larvae that had been exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) and low concentrations of 4-n-nonylphenol (NP). DNA effects include DNA damage as well as mutations and possibly other effects at the DNA level that can be induced by chemical or physical agents that directly and/or indirectly interact with genomic DNA. Not only did exposure to NP and E2 induce changes in RAPD profiles in the exposed barnacle larvae when compared to control patterns, but also, and more importantly, there were similarities in the RAPD modifications in the exposed populations that had been treated to either chemical. We propose that NP and E2 induced some common DNA effects in barnacle larvae and that these specific modifications in RAPD patterns may arise as a consequence of hot spot DNA damage (e.g. DNA adducts) and/or mutations (point mutations or genomic rearrangements). This could help to explain how xenoestrogens mimic the effects produced by natural estrogens. In conclusion, in the field of endocrine disruption, the study of DNA effects induced by estrogens and/or xenoestrogens warrants further investigation. Indeed, changes at the DNA level may be the precursors of some of the numerous effects reported at higher levels of biological organisation such as the feminization of males, developmental abnormalities, and infertility. 相似文献
47.
Ivan Jarić Céline Bellard Ricardo A. Correia Franck Courchamp Karel Douda Franz Essl Jonathan M. Jeschke Gregor Kalinkat Lukáš Kalous Robert J. Lennox Ana Novoa Raphaël Proulx Petr Pyšek Andrea Soriano–Redondo Allan T. Souza Reut Vardi Diogo Veríssimo Uri Roll 《Conservation biology》2021,35(2):447-451
48.
Thomas W. Bodey Elena Angulo Alok Bang Céline Bellard Jean Fantle-Lepczyk Bernd Lenzner Anna Turbelin Yuya Watari Franck Courchamp 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14034
Biological invasions represent a key threat to insular systems and have pronounced impacts across environments and economies. The ecological impacts have received substantial focus, but the socioeconomic impacts are poorly synthesized across spatial and temporal scales. We used the InvaCost database, the most comprehensive assessment of published economic costs of invasive species, to assess economic impacts on islands worldwide. We analyzed socioeconomic costs across differing expenditure types and examined temporal trends across islands that differ in their political geography—island nation states, overseas territories, and islands of continental countries. Over US$36 billion in total costs (including damages and management) has occurred on islands from 1965 to 2020 due to invasive species’ impacts. Nation states incurred the greatest total and management costs, and islands of continental countries incurred costs of similar magnitude, both far higher than those in overseas territories. Damage-loss costs were significantly lower, but with qualitatively similar patterns across differing political geographies. The predominance of management spending differs from the pattern found for most countries examined and suggests important knowledge gaps in the extent of many damage-related socioeconomic impacts. Nation states spent the greatest proportion of their gross domestic products countering these costs, at least 1 order of magnitude higher than other locations. Most costs were borne by authorities and stakeholders, demonstrating the key role of governmental and nongovernmental bodies in addressing island invasions. Temporal trends revealed cost increases across all island types, potentially reflecting efforts to tackle invasive species at larger, more socially complex scales. Nevertheless, the already high total economic costs of island invasions substantiate the role of biosecurity in reducing and preventing invasive species arrivals to reduce strains on limited financial resources and avoid threats to sustainable development goals. 相似文献
49.
Franck?A.?HollanderEmail author Nicolas?Titeux Hans?Van?Dyck 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(5):777-783
Preference measures are widely used in habitat selection studies to test an animal’s choice relative to particular habitat
features, but most measures are subject to criticism as they fail to indicate the underlying behavioral motivation. Order
of settlement on breeding sites has been proposed as an effective measure in migratory organisms, as it conceptually approaches
a choice experiment. We tested the assumption that early red-backed shrikes (Lanius collurio) are more willing to defend their territorial resource than individuals arriving later. We earlier showed that shrikes arriving
first settled in forest plantations that resulted in lower reproductive success compared to territories on farmland, suggesting
an ecological trap. Therefore, individuals are expected to place higher value on the lower quality sites in forests. Within
the context of resource valuation theory in animal contests, we used a simulated territorial intrusion experiment to measure
territorial defense and to evaluate the perceived value of the territory during the settlement phase in both habitat types.
Males arriving early were much more motivated to defend their territory than late birds. After correction for the disparity
in the timing of arrival between habitat types, shrikes also more vigorously defended their territories in the forest habitat
associated with the lowest reproductive returns. Although some resource valuation mechanisms remain unclear, our results show
that early and late-arriving individuals strongly differ in behavioral motivation to hold their territorial resources. This
study also demonstrates for the first time that organisms may exhibit a higher degree of territorial aggressiveness in a lower
quality habitat. 相似文献
50.
Matthieu Jeanson Franck Dolique Edward J. Anthony 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2014,18(5):567-580
The global change currently observed is deemed to generate accelerated coastal erosion and an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Populated tropical island coasts are particularly vulnerable. Awareness of this vulnerability has prompted recourse to the construction of operational observatories on the coastal dynamics of several French tropical islands, including Mayotte. The aims of this initiative are to characterise the coastal morphology of tropical islands and to monitor their rhythms and mechanisms of evolution, adaptation and resilience in the face of extreme climate and wave events (cyclones, storms, surges, strong swells…). Based on this, appropriate defence and/or adaptation strategies can be developed and implemented. Mayotte Island is a fine example of the implementation and utility of such an observatory. The island, in the southwest Indian Ocean, is characterised by a highly diversified coral reef-lagoon complex comprising pocket beaches and mangroves subject to increasing pressure from strong island demographic growth. The operational observatory set up on the island incorporates a Geographical Information System (GIS) based on a network sourced by various field measurements and observations conducted on the coastal forms on the basis of a predefined protocol and methodology. Field experiments include hydrodynamic measurements, topographic surveys, and observations, and these are coupled with the analysis of aerial photographs and regional meteorological data in order to gain a better understanding of the coastal morphology and of the evolution of the reef-lagoon complex. The results fed into the observatory and analysed through the GIS provide interactive maps of the coastal landforms and their evolution and dynamics over various timescales. Within a local framework of strong socio-economic and demographic pressures, and a more global context of environmental change, this observatory should lead to a better understanding and prediction of the morphodynamics of the coast of Mayotte, while providing data to the public at large, to researchers, and to stakeholders involved in decision-making in the face of the major and rapid environmental and socio-economic changes liable to affect the fragile reef-mangrove systems and pocket beaches. 相似文献