Efficient visible light photo-Fenton-like degradation of organic pollutants using in situ surface-modified BiFeO3 as a catalyst

The visible light photo-Fenton-like catalytic performance of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles was investigated using Methyl Violet (MV), Rhodamine B (RhB) and phenol as probes. Under optimum conditions, the pseudo first-order rate constant (k) was determined to be 2.21×10^-2, 5.56×10^-2 and 2.01×10^-2 min^-1 for the degradation of MV (30 μmol/L), RhB (10 μmol/L) and phenol (3 mmol/L), respectively, in the BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-visible light (Vis) system. The introduction of visible light irradiation increased the k values of MV, RhB and phenol degradation 3.47, 1.95 and 2.07 times in comparison with those in dark. Generally, the k values in the BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-Vis system were accelerated by increasing BiFeO₃ load and H₂O₂ concentration, but decreased with increasing initial pollutant concentration. To further enhance the degradation of pollutants at high concentrations, BiFeO₃ was modified with the addition of surface modifiers. The addition of ethylenediamineteraacetic acid (EDTA, 0.4 mmol/L) increased the k value of MV degradation (60 μmol/L) from 1.01×10^-2 min^-1 in the BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-Vis system to 1.30 min^-1 in the EDTA-BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-Vis system by a factor of 128. This suggests that in situ surface modification can enable BiFeO₃ nano-particles to be a promising visible light photo-Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants.     

Arsenic and lead in the indoor residential settings of different socio-economic status; assessment of human health risk via dust exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the present study, occurrence of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) is reported in rural and urban household dust (floor and AC filter dust) of the Kingdom...     

ZnMnxCo2-xO4活化过一硫酸盐降解有机污染物

分别以Zn（CH₃COO）₂·2H₂O、Mn（CH₃COO）₃·2H₂O和Co（CH₃COO）₂·4H₂O为锌源、锰源和钴源,采用溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法成功制备了ZnMn_xCo_2-xO₄（x=0~2）复合物,并用X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱对其进行表征.同时,还研究了Mn/Co物质的量比、催化剂用量及PMS用量对目标污染物降解的影响.结果表明,该复合物可催化活化过一硫酸钾（PMS）降解有机污染物,当催化剂中x=0.8,催化剂投加量为0.2 g·L^-1,PMS用量为0.4 mmol·L^-1（0.25 g·L^-1）时,20 μmol·L^-1（10 mg·L^-1）罗丹明B（RhB）可在15 min内完全降解.ZnMn_0.8Co_1.2O₄的高催化活性主要归功于Mn³⁺和Co²⁺的协同效应.将ZnMn_xCo_2-xO₄-PMS体系用于亚甲基蓝、结晶紫、金橙、双酚A、4-氯酚等其他污染物的降解,也取得了较好的效果.基于电子自旋共振ESR和自由基猝灭实验的结果,可以推测该反应体系中活性物种为硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基.     

造纸污泥的电渗透脱水效果

采用电渗透脱水技术对经过带式压滤后的制浆造纸混合污泥进行深度脱水,考察了机械压力、电压梯度和污泥厚度对污泥电渗透脱水效果与能耗的影响。结果表明,机械压力从25 kPa升至76 kPa时,脱水效果也会随之提高,但是继续增大机械压力对脱水效果的提高作用就会变得不明显;随着电压梯度的增加,脱水效果会有明显的升高,但是能耗也会相应地增加;电压梯度恒定为30 V/cm且污泥厚度从0.35 cm增加到1.40 cm时,脱水效果和能耗都会相应地增加。对于所有的电脱水实验,当污泥的含水率从74.85%降至60%时所需要的能耗均在0.14～0.28 kWh/kg去除水之间。综合考虑脱水效果和能耗,可认为最优脱水条件是：机械压力为76 kPa,电压梯度为30 V/cm,污泥厚度为0.7 cm。     

综采机组隔尘风帘的设计与应用效果研究

受民用建筑大门空气幕的启发 ,将“洁净空调技术”中的“洁净棚理论”,创新并应用于综采工作面的防尘工程 ,设计了能阻止采煤机在截煤过程中产生的呼吸性粉尘向司机处扩散的隔尘装置——风帘。此革新装置的原理和作用是以形成透明的“空气幕墙”将采煤司机工作区与采煤机截煤区分隔 ,阻止呼吸性粉尘向司机处扩散。在邢台矿务局葛泉煤矿 132 6综采工作面进行的现场试验表明 :该装置对呼吸性粉尘有较好的隔尘效果 ,平均隔尘效率为 72 %以上。     

掘进工作面贴附射流通风浓差理论研究

掘进工作面压入式通风形成的风流是贴附射流。根据流体力学和射流理论 ,通风射流体结构分为起始段和主体段。风筒出口风流是新鲜的 ,射流周围气体中污染物浓度高于射流体的浓度 ,与射流气体存在浓度差。因此 ,其通风射流为浓差射流。笔者分析了贴附射流主体段、起始段的轴心浓差和质量平均浓差 ,得出了计算模型。同时为研究压入式通风过程中污染物的分布提供了新的理论依据     

Efficient degradation of organic pollutants with ferrous hydroxide colloids as heterogeneous Fenton-like activator of hydrogen peroxide

The capacity of a full-scale reclamation pond-constructed wetland (CW) system to eliminate 27 emerging contaminants (i.e. pharmaceuticals, sunscreen compounds, fragrances, antiseptics, fire retardants, pesticides, and plasticizers) and the seasonal occurrence of these contaminants is studied. The compounds with the highest concentrations in the secondary effluent are diclofenac, caffeine, ketoprofen, and carbamazepine. The results show that the constructed wetland (61%) removes emerging contaminants significantly more efficiently than the pond (51%), presumably due to the presence of plants (Phragmites and Thypa) as well as the higher hydraulic residence time (HRT) in the CW. A greater seasonal trend to the efficient removal of these compounds is observed in the pond than in the CW. The overall mass removal efficiency of each individual compound ranged from 27% to 93% (71% on average), which is comparable to reported data in advanced treatments (photo-fenton and membrane filtration). The seasonal average content of emerging contaminants in the river water (2488 ng L⁻¹) next to the water reclamation plant is found to be higher than the content in the final reclaimed water (1490 ng L⁻¹), suggesting that the chemical quality of the reclaimed water is better than available surface waters.     

PCDD/Fs in sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) from the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea

The concentrations and congeners pattern of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in sprat collected by the commercial catches in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Based on the toxic equivalent concentrations 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF prevailed among the congeners of PCDD/Fs. The significance of age- and season-specific relationship between the concentration of lipids and dioxins was demonstrated. On lipid weight basis the concentration of PCDDs was significantly higher in spring than in autumn. This difference was not statistically significant for PCDFs. On lipid weight basis the concentration of dioxins decreased with rising content of lipids. PCDD/Fs toxic equivalent concentration increased with the age of sprat exceeding the EU maximum limit value at more than 5-year-old fish.     

Metal accumulation in the tissues of grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) from fresh water around a copper mine in Southeast China

Mining effluents are the main source of metals in the surrounding aquatic environment. The mining district of Purple Mountain has a history of copper mining for more than 30 years, but there is limited investigation of metal bioaccumulation in the aquatic creatures from the Tingjiang river catchment affected by the mining activities. In this study, we collected grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) from four sites, and analyzed the accumulation of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in ten tissues (scale, skin, muscle, gill, liver, kidney, fish maw, heart, stomach, and intestine) of the fish samples. Among all tissue samples, the highest concentrations (micrograms per gram wet weight) of Ni (0.263), Cu (69.2), Zn (84.0), As (0.259), Cd (0.640), Hg (0.051), and Pb (0.534) were noted in the liver, gill, and kidney tissues, whereas the highest concentrations of Cr (0.356) and Mn (62.7) were detected in the skin and intestine, respectively. These results gave a better understanding of the variability of metals distribution in different fish tissues. In comparison with the sample sites, metals (especially Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb) in liver, gill, kidney, stomach, and intestine showed more inter-site differences than other tissues. The inter-site differences also revealed that site 1 and 2 increased fish uptake of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb, which may indicate that the copper mine and urban effluents contributed to high levels of these metals in aquatic environments in site 1 and 2. A potential food safety issue may emerge depending on the mining activities in this region because some metals in a few tissue samples exceeded the guideline values for human consumption of fish.     

试论环境政治学的两大分支及其关系

环境政治学是培养环境人才的必要课程之一。通过探讨环境政治学的概念和研究对象,论述环境政治包括国内环境政治和国际环境政治这两个分支四个方面的联系。