卷烟厂粉尘风力收集系统设计与实现

为了解决卷烟生产中烟草粉尘危害的问题,在分析粉尘风力收集原理的基础上,运用流体力学和气力输送的原理,提出具体的粉尘风力收集系统结构设计方案,并对系统压损及风量等主要参数进行计算。同时,对实际应用中的两种不同输送方式进行比较得出,粉尘风力收集系统可以降低粉尘外泄,同时也降低了设备费用及运行费用。     

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of lead-contaminated soil by complexing agents and approaching anodes

Optimizing process parameters that affect the remediation time and power consumption can improve the treatment efficiency of the electrokinetic remediation as well as determine the cost of a remediation action. Lab-scale electrokinetic remediation of Pb-contaminated soils was investigated for the effect of complexant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and acetic acid and approaching anode on the removal efficiency of Pb. When EDTA was added to the catholyte, EDTA dissolved insoluble Pb in soils to form soluble Pb–EDTA complexes, increasing Pb mobility and accordingly removal efficiency. The removal efficiency was enhanced from 47.8 to 61.5 % when the EDTA concentration was increased from 0.1 to 0.2 M, showing that EDTA played an important role in remediation. And the migration rate of Pb was increased to 72.3 % when both EDTA and acetic acid were used in the catholyte. The “approaching anode electrokinetic remediation” process in the presence of both EDTA and acetic acid had a higher Pb-removal efficiency with an average efficiency of 83.8 %. The efficiency of electrokinetic remediation was closely related to Pb speciation. Exchangeable and carbonate-bounded Pb were likely the forms which could be removed. All results indicate that the approaching anode method in the presence of EDTA and acetic acid is an advisable choice for electrokinetic remediation of Pb-contaminated soil.     

生物膜填料塔净化模拟烟气和电厂烟气中SO2和NOx的对比实验

对生物膜填料塔对模拟烟气和电厂烟气的净化效果进行了实验研究。实验对比分析了在相同的实验条件下生物膜填料塔对不同烟气中SO2和NOx的净化效率。实验结果表明，在循环液温度在24～35℃、空床停留时间（EBRT）为60s、喷淋量为8～10L／h、脱硫塔的pH为0．8～1．5、脱氮塔的pH为7．5～8．0的条件下，生物膜填料塔对模拟烟气和电厂烟气中SO2的净化效率都很高，但模拟烟气条件下的总脱氮率的平均值为80％，而在电厂烟气条件下只有35％。经分析认为，脱氮率产生差异的主要原因是电厂烟气中杂质的影响，以及烟气中氧气含量的不同，同时因为生长条件不同从而驯化出的微生物群体组成也不同。     

粉煤灰免烧陶粒制备及其重金属废水净化性能

摘要重金属废水对环境的污染已经引起科研人员的广泛关注。以粉煤灰和水泥为原料、添加活性成分FeS，制备一种免烧陶粒用于含重金属Cu2＋、Zn2＋、Pb2＋的废水处理。探讨了物料配比及蒸养时间对陶粒筒压强度及其比表面积的影响；研究了固液比、接触时间、pH、温度及初始溶液浓度等因素对Cu2＋、Zn2＋、Pb2＋离子净化效果的影响规律，并对实验结果进行了等温线拟合。XRD分析显示，免烧陶粒中存在Ca（OH）2、C—D—H、FeS等矿物相，对重金属离子具有非常好的固定化作用。该免烧陶粒对重金属离子具有很好的去除效果，具备较好的应用前景。     

聚合氯化铝铁去除微污染水体中藻类的研究

以聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)为絮凝剂,H2O2为预氧化剂,用正交实验研究了PAFC处理微污染水体中藻类和降低浊度,得出正交实验中各因素的主次关系及对除藻和除浊度的影响,研究表明,ρPAFC是影响除藻和除浊度的重要因素.在最佳处理条件,即ρPAFC为20 mg/L,ρH2O2为6 mg/L,pH为7,搅拌时间为4 min,能使水体中藻细胞街度从9.4×107 cells/L降至3.16×106 cells/L,除藻率为96.6%,浊度降至0.70 NTU,除浊度率达93.0%.     

碘掺杂Ti02可见光光催化性能研究

在低于100℃温度条件下，采用溶胶一凝胶法以钛酸正丁酯为钛源，碘酸钾为碘源，制备了I掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂（I-TiO2），运用x-射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）及x-射线光电子能谱（XPS）等对催化剂进行表征，结果表明，TiO2及I-TiO2催化剂均为锐钛矿，I吸附并包裹在TiO2表面或以间隙进入的形式存在，并未进入TiO2晶格。通过在可见光照射下（A〉420nm）以罗丹明B（RhodamineB，RhB）的光催化降解为探针反应研究了在不同条件下制备催化剂的催化性能，结果表明，掺杂比为n1：n^ti=0．05：l，焙烧温度为400℃，降解介质条件pH=7时，l-TiO2光催化活性明显优于未掺杂的TiO2。光催化降解过程通过红外光谱（IR），总有机碳（TOC）跟踪测定，比较了TiO2掺杂前后降解RhB和对氯苯酚（4-CP）的光催化特性差异；同时采用苯甲酸荧光光度法跟踪测定体系中的氧化物种，表明在可见光下，I-TiO2光催化体系中产生·OH高活性氧化物种从而氧化降解目标化合物。     

Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in the Pearl River of Southern China

An intensive campaign was conducted in September 2012 to collect surface water samples along the tributaries of the Pearl River in southern China. Thirteen perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, C4–C11) and perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs, C4, C6–C8, and C10), were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(-)ESI–MS/MS). The concentrations of total PFAAs (ΣPFAAs) ranged from 3.0 to 52 ng L⁻¹, with an average of 19 ± 12 ng L⁻¹. The highest concentrations of ΣPFAAs were detected in the surface water of the Dong Jiang tributary (17–52 ng L⁻¹), followed by the main stream (13–26 ng L⁻¹) and the Sha Wan stream (3.0–4.5 ng L⁻¹). Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the three most abundant PFAAs and on average accounted for 20%, 24%, and 19% of ΣPFAAs, respectively. PFBS was the most abundant PFAA in the Dong Jiang tributary, and PFOA was the highest PFAA in the samples from the main stream of the Pearl River. A correlation was found between PFBS and PFOA, which suggests that both of these PFAAs originate from common source(s) in the region. Nevertheless, the slope of PFBS/PFOA was different in the different tributaries sampled, which indicates a spatial difference in the source profiles of the PFAAs.     

超强静磁场对染料脱色菌Escheriehia coli的acpD基因的影响

将大肠杆菌E.coli ATCC8739置于12.0 T超强静磁场(ultra-strong static magnetic field,SMF)中进行处理,获得了磁场处理0.5、1、2、4和8 h的菌株E.coli-SMFn(n=0.5、1、2、4、8)。在37℃、pH 7、静置的条件下,菌株对偶氮染料AR14(I.C.Acid Red 14)的脱色结果指出,当反应进行到4、6和8 h时,E.coli-SMF8的脱色效率分别为18%、55%和96%,远高于E.coli ATCC8739的3%、19%和50%,表明SMF作用显著地增强了菌株的脱色效率。基因组DNA提取、PCR扩增、分子克隆以及基因测序的实验结果进一步表明,全部6例E.coli ATCC8739菌株的偶氮还原酶基因(acpD)序列均与GenBank中报道的完全一致;而E.coli-SMF8菌株的acpD-SMF8核酸序列中缺失了第99位的胞嘧啶。该缺失突变不仅使acpD-SMF8的核酸序列与acpD的存在显著不同,同时得到了具新活性中心的偶氮还原酶AzoR-SMF8。这个新的活性中心具有更强的黄素(FMN)结合能力,因此使该酶与偶氮染料的亲和力大大增加,促进了脱色效率的提高。     

Estimates of synthetic fertilizer N-induced direct nitrous oxide emission from Chinese croplands during 1980-2000

There is increasing concern that agricultural intensification in China has greatly increased N₂O emissions due to rapidly increased fertilizer use. By linking a spatial database of precipitation, synthetic fertilizer N input, cropping rotation and area via GIS, a precipitation-rectified emission factor of N₂O for upland croplands and water regime-specific emission factors for irrigated rice paddies were adopted to estimate annual synthetic fertilizer N-induced direct N₂O emissions (FIE-N₂O) from Chinese croplands during 1980-2000. Annual FIE-N₂O was estimated to be 115.7 Gg N₂O-N year⁻¹ in the 1980s and 210.5 Gg N₂O-N year⁻¹ in the 1990s, with an annual increasing rate of 9.14 Gg N₂O-N year⁻¹ over the period 1980-2000. Upland croplands contributed most to the national total of FIE-N₂O, accounting for 79% in 1980 and 92% in 2000. Approximately 65% of the FIE-N₂O emitted in eastern and southern central China.     

Medium optimization for the production of anti-cyanobacterial substances by Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 using response surface methodology

Bioremediation using isolated anti-cyanobacterial microorganism has been widely applied in harmful algal blooms (HABs) control. In order to improve the secretion of activated anti-cyanobacterial substances, and lower the cost, a sequential optimization of the culture medium based on statistical design was employed for enhancing the anti-cyanobacterial substances production and chlorophyll a (Chl a) removal by Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 in the paper. Sucrose and KNO₃ were selected as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources based on the one-at-a-time strategy method, and sucrose, KNO₃ and initial pH were found as major factors that affected the anti-cyanobacterial ability of the isolated stain via the Plackett–Burman design. Based on the response surface and canonical analysis, the optimum condition of culture medium was obtained at 22.73 g l^-1 of sucrose, 0.96 g l^-1 of KNO₃, and initial pH 8.82, and the Chl a removal efficiency by strain HJC-D1 increased from 63?±?2 % to 78?±?2 % on the optimum conditions.