碳排放约束下的农业生产效率及其空间格局——基于河南省65个村庄的调查

基于村庄尺度探索碳排放约束下的农业生产效率,对于差别化的低碳农业生产模式的选择具有一定的理论和实践意义。基于河南省65个村庄的调查数据,对不同样点的农业碳排放进行了核算,并采用Super-SBM模型分析了碳排放约束下的农业生产效率的差异。结果表明：河南省农业碳排放强度呈现“南北高,中间低”的空间分布格局,这主要受种植结构、农业生产条件、人类各项投入等因素的影响;碳排放约束下的河南省农业生产效率具有较大的空间差异,根据农业生产效率和碳排放强度的关系,可将样点村庄分为低碳高效村、高碳低效村、高碳高效村和低碳低效村四种类型。其中高碳低效村和低碳低效村的比例较大。建议未来应加强农业规模化经营、减少能源和物资投入、完善农业基础设施、推广节水节能新技术,在提高农业生产效率的同时推动农业低碳发展。     

南京市秋季大气颗粒物中金属元素的粒径分布

在南京市仙林地区,采用ANDERSON八级撞击采样器,于2016年秋季采集了63个大气颗粒物有效样本,并利用ICP-MS分析了金属元素的含量.结合气象等资料,研究了大气颗粒物金属元素的粒径分布与富集特征,并对其来源进行了探讨.结果表明：南京秋季大气颗粒物质量浓度的粒径分布呈双峰型,峰值分别位于0.4~1.1和3.3~9μm;金属元素的粒径分布呈3种类型,一是粗粒子单峰型,峰值位于3.3~5.8μm,主要元素包括Na、Al、Ca、Mg、Co、Ce、Sr和Ba;二是细粒子单峰型,峰值位于0.4~1.1μm,主要元素包括Zn、As、Cd、Ag、Tl和Pb;三是粗细粒子双峰或多峰型,峰值位于1.1和5μm粒径段,主要元素包括K、Se、Li、Be、Mn、V、Cu、Cr、Ni和Fe.按富集因子的大小,可将元素分为3类,低富集元素包括Ba、Ca、Ce、Sr、Mg、Fe、Co、Mn、Be和V,中富集元素包括Li、Na、Ni、K和Cr,高富集元素包括Cu、Tl、Zn、As、Pb、Ag、Cd和Se.不同的粒径分布和富集水平反映了大气颗粒物的来源特征.研究结果可以为深入认识大气颗粒物金属元素的来源及其环境与健康效应提供科学依据.     

Study on the effects of organic matter characteristics on the residual aluminum and flocs in coagulation processes

Characteristics of organic matter may affect the residual aluminum after the coagulation process. This study reported the results of a survey for one drinking water treatment plant and measured the concentration of residual aluminum species with different molecular weights.Survey results indicated that humic acid or organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than 1500 Da had significant effects on residual aluminum. All the treatment processes were ineffective in removing dissolved organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than1500 Da. These results also indicated that the addition of sand or polyacrylamide in the coagulation process could greatly decrease the concentration of humic acid, and the concentration of residual aluminum also decreased. These results revealed that for all water samples after filtration, the majority of total residual aluminum existed in the form of total dissolved aluminum, accounting for 70%–90%. The concentration of residual aluminum produced in bovine serum albumin solutions indicated that when the DOC was larger than4.0 mg/L, there were still significant differences when the solution p H value varied from 4.0 to 9.0.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺复配钠基膨润土处理模拟苯酚废水

将阳离子聚丙烯酰胺与钠基膨润土进行复配,制备出复合吸附剂,并将其用于模拟苯酚废水的处理。采用XRD和FTIR技术对复配前后的钠基膨润土进行了表征。表征结果显示:阳离子聚丙烯酰胺附着在钠基膨润土的表面,对钠基膨润土的表面具有改性作用,使其由亲水性变为疏水性。实验结果表明:在阳离子聚丙烯酰胺与钠基膨润土的复配比例为200 mg/g、反应时间为40 min、复合吸附剂投加量为6 g/L、废水p H为11的最佳条件下,于25℃处理苯酚质量浓度为50 mg/L的模拟苯酚废水,苯酚去除率达89.5%。     

New insight into adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of the biosorbent from waste activated sludge for heavy metals

The adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of the biosorbent from waste activated sludge were investigated by adsorbing Pb2+and Zn2+in aqueous single-metal solutions. A p H value of the metal solutions at 6.0 was beneficial to the high adsorption quantity of the biosorbent. The optimal mass ratio of the biosorbent to metal ions was found to be 2. A higher adsorption quantity of the biosorbent was achieved by keeping the reaction temperature below 55°C. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the biosorption processes, and the developed mathematical equations showed high determination coefficients(above 0.99 for both metal ions) and insignificant lack of fit(p = 0.0838 and 0.0782 for Pb2+and Zn2+, respectively). Atomic force microscopy analyses suggested that the metal elements were adsorbed onto the biosorbent surface via electrostatic interaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of complexation(between –NH2,-CN and metal ions) and ion-exchange(between –COOH and metal ions). The adsorption mechanisms could be the combined action of electrostatic interaction, complexation and ion-exchange between functional groups and metal ions.     

国产首条30万t/年卧辊磨钢渣粉生产线的调试经验

重点介绍了利用国产卧辊磨粉磨钢渣粉的工艺流程、主机设备和工艺参数,分析了调试过程中出现的一系列问题,并且提出了解决方法,总结了国产卧辊磨生产钢渣粉的经验。     

论长江洪灾与可持续发展

本文分析了湖北等省份多年水灾资料，并对水灾的成因进行了研究，提出了根治水灾必须走可持续发展道路的建议     

钢铁行业持久性有机污染物的生成与控制研究

在钢铁行业持久性有机污染物产生排放过程分析的基础上,提出持久性有机污染物污染防控对策。首先,阐述持久性有机污染物的定义并进行来源和特征分析;其次,从钢铁行业产生持久性有机污染物的三个主要工艺(焦化、电弧炉冶炼和烧结)分析持久性有机污染物产生原理、过程及产生量;最后,提出钢铁行业持久性有机污染物污染防控手段,包括源头预防、电弧炉冶炼和烧结等工艺过程控制,物理法、化学法和生物法等终端治理方法三个方面,并对持久性有机污染物污染控制进行展望。     

Biogenic C-doped titania templated by cyanobacteria for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Cyanobacteria, which occurred in eutrophic water harvest solar light to carry out photosynthesis with high efficiency. In this work, cyanobacteria （Microcystis sp.） were used as biotemplate to synthesize titania structure. The synthesized titania sample had similar morphology to that of the original template in spite of the fragile unicellular structures and extremely high water content of cyanobacterial cells. Incorporation of biogenic C, as well as the morphology inherited from biotemplate improved visible- light absorbance of the titania structure. The sample exhibited higher visible-light photocatalytic activity than commercial titania photocatalyst Degussa P25 for Rhodamine B （RhB） degradation. Compared with those C-doped titania photocatalysts prepared by other methods, cyanobacteria templated titania photocatalyst offer some potential for competitive advantages. The reported strategy opened up a new use for the cyanobacteria. It could also be used for titania in applications such as treatment of polluted water, dye-sensitized solar cells, or other regions.