Biogenic C-doped titania templated by cyanobacteria for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Cyanobacteria, which occurred in eutrophic water harvest solar light to carry out photosynthesis with high efficiency. In this work, cyanobacteria （Microcystis sp.） were used as biotemplate to synthesize titania structure. The synthesized titania sample had similar morphology to that of the original template in spite of the fragile unicellular structures and extremely high water content of cyanobacterial cells. Incorporation of biogenic C, as well as the morphology inherited from biotemplate improved visible- light absorbance of the titania structure. The sample exhibited higher visible-light photocatalytic activity than commercial titania photocatalyst Degussa P25 for Rhodamine B （RhB） degradation. Compared with those C-doped titania photocatalysts prepared by other methods, cyanobacteria templated titania photocatalyst offer some potential for competitive advantages. The reported strategy opened up a new use for the cyanobacteria. It could also be used for titania in applications such as treatment of polluted water, dye-sensitized solar cells, or other regions.     

Accumulation and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rice (Oryza sativa)

Various tissues of rice plants were sampled from a PAH contaminated site in Tianjin, China at different growth stages of the ripening period and analyzed for PAHs. PAHs were much higher in roots than in the exposed tissues. Grains and internodes accumulated much smaller amounts of PAHs than leaves, hulls or ear axes. No specific gradient trends along roots, stem, ear axes, and grains were observed, suggesting that systematic translocation among them is unlikely. Over the ripening period, PAH concentrations were increased in rice roots and decreased in most above-ground tissues. Significant correlations between PAH and lipid contents can only be observed during full mature stage. The spectra of individual PAH compounds in rice organs including roots were similar to those in air, rather than those in soil. There was also a significant correlation between bioconcentration factor (BCF, plant over air) and octanol/air partitioning coefficient (Koa).     

Monitoring seasonal distribution of an endangered anadromous sturgeon in a large river using environmental DNA

Monitoring dynamic distribution is crucial to conservation management of anadromous sturgeons, but traditional survey methods are less efficient for low-density populations in a large river. Natural propagation of Chinese sturgeon has been monitored annually mainly at the spawning ground using netting for eggs and hydroacoustics for broodstock. However, absence of spawning was observed sporadically in recent years, indicating further crises for the declining population. We analyzed eDNA of water samples collected from 24 sites across 1360 km of the migratory route of anadromous Chinese sturgeon in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Chinese sturgeon was detected at 9 sites during the spawning season and 14 sites after the spawning season. We found that positive eDNA detection rates remained constant in the middle reaches but dramatically changed in the lower reaches, reflecting seasonal migration pattern of Chinese sturgeon. Invasive sturgeons were detected in the river, indicating their possible escape from aquaculture facilities. This study established a protocol for the use of eDNA to monitor distribution of Chinese sturgeon and could be valuable in making better policies for the conservation of this endangered species.     

不同来源污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果研究

在相同接种配比(接种污泥占餐厨垃圾的质量分数为30%)条件下,研究了4种不同来源污泥(压滤污泥、厌氧污泥、曝气污泥和河底淤泥)添加或不添加缓冲剂时对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果的影响.结果发现,在不添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>河底淤泥>压滤污泥>曝气污泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量最高,达10.11mL(以每克挥发性固体(VS)计,下同);而添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>曝气污泥>压滤污泥>河底淤泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量也最高,为33.72 mL,且体系pH得以缓冲.     

Effects of hydrodynamics on the distribution of trace persistent organic pollutants and macrobenthic communities in Bohai Bay

In recent years, the rapid economic development along Bohai Bay, has brought out continuous increasing of the pollution loads in the Bohai Sea, especially by the large coastal reclamation project, Tianjin Binhai New Area. In the period of 2007-2009, we collected the sediments of the main rivers, estuaries, intertidal zone, and near-shore area of Bohai Bay, and Macrobenthos associated with the marine sediments to assess the influence of hydrodynamics in the coastal environment on the pattern of trace contaminants and the macrobenthic community. Based on data derived from these samples, the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments followed the order PAHs > OCPs > PCBs > PBDEs. The higher concentrations of PCBs, OCPs, PAHs and PBDEs were found in the estuarine and near-shore environment of the Dagu Drainage River. The spatial distribution of OCPs was different to that of PCBs due to the direction of the velocity field of Bohai Bay in its old and new topography, and the higher water-solubility of OCPs than that of PCBs. The results of the Pearson correlation and the PCA indicate that the medium diameter (MD) of sediments was the predominant factor influencing the distribution of PCBs and OCPs, most sampling sites were characterized mainly by TOC of sediments and biomass of macrobenthos. The results indicate that the distribution of trace contaminants and macrobenthic community in Bohai Bay are mainly affected by the hydrodynamic conditions.     

泡沫分离法去除废水中微量钴离子

采用泡沫分离法对水中微量钻离子的去除进行了研究，考察了表面活性剂种类及浓度、pH、气流量等因素对钴离子去除率的影响。实验结果表明：当水中钴离子初始质量浓度为10mg／L、采用十二烷基硫酸钠（SLS）做表面活性剂且质量浓度为10mg／L、pH为11．0、气流量为300L／h时，钴离子去除率达97．61％。根据泡沫分离过程与化学反应过程在物理行为上的类似性，引入等效的化学反应常数，对泡沫分离法去除水中钴离子进行了宏观动力学研究。结果表明，该泡沫分离过程可等效为一级反应。     

西部特大城市FDI比较研究——以西安、成都、重庆为例

自1993年开始，中国连续18年成为FDI流人量最大的发展中国家，并在地区上呈现出“东多西少”的不平衡现象。自2004年以来，我国FDI逐渐向西部地区转移，相关研究尚不多见。以我国西部地区吸引FDI的主要城市西安市、成都市和重庆市为研究对象，从引资规模、投资质量、产业分布、投资来源地和投资方式五个方面进行比较分析，并运用SPSS软件比较了FDI对当地经济增长、产业结构和城市发展等方面的影响。结论为：①重庆市引资规模最大，西安市利用FDI质量最高；西安市的FDI主要投资于第二产业，重庆市和成都市集中于第三产业；三大城市的投资来源地和方式基本相同。②西安市的FDI对经济的拉动作用和对地区资本形成的影响最大，但溢出效应最小，落后于成都市和重庆市。③FDI对西安市城市规模的促进作用最大，而对成都市的城市化水平提升最显著。     

再论高压水射流清洗技术应用的专业化、规模化与社会化

高压水射流技术在清洗领域的应用，因其具有一系列优势，越来越为社会所认同和欢迎。以何种模式运行才能使其发展的更快、更好，是在该领域的工作者所普遍关注的问题。在理论与实践相结合的基础上，再次讨论并提出高压水射流清洗技术应用的专业化、规模化与社会化，以期在更大的范围引起同行的参与，共同寻求发展我国高压水射流清洗技术应用的最佳战略、策略和实施的方式。实践证明，高压水射流清洗技术应用的专业化、规模化与社会化是可以实现的。坚持为国民经济建设服务，使其专业化、规模化与社会化并逐步充实、完善，定能使之有更大的发展     

垃圾在流化床中燃烧的特性

在一台特别设计的小型流化床燃烧实验台上对垃圾可燃物代表组分进行实验研究 .结果表明 ,干燥的垃圾在床温仅为 50 0℃就能在很短的时间内迅速燃烧 ,产生明亮的火焰 .在本实验条件下 ,床温没有因为实验组分的加入而下降 ,而是随着垃圾的迅速燃烧而急剧升温 ,床温提高 30～ 70℃不等 .垃圾在流化床中燃烧受多种因素的影响 ,并讨论了当物料形状 (整或碎 )、含水量、实验风量 (从 5.5m³/h到 7.5m³/h)等因素变化后对于燃烧气体成分及炉内温度的影响 .在本实验条件下 ,当物料剪碎后会引起炉内温度水平明显提高 ,并使得CO排放量略有下降 .物料含水量增加时会导致炉内温度水平明显下降 .实验风量提高时 ,CO排放量明显减少 .