K+对肝素钠废水厌氧生物处理中污泥性能的影响

以肝素钠生产废水为研究对象，研究了不同盐浓度下K+对厌氧污泥性能的影响。实验结果表明:在ρ(NaCl)小于8000mg/L的低盐浓度条件下，K+对污泥的解抑作用不明显;在ρ(NaCl)大于16000mg/L的高盐浓度条件下，K+对污泥表现出解抑作用。ρ(NaCl)为24000mg/L、K+加入量为60mg/L时，COD去除率、产气量和甲烷体积分数相比空白对照组分别提高了17.1%、43.3%和71.8%，氨化率变化不大，均在32%左右。     

不同密度沉水植物腐解过程中水体DOM变化特征

选取白洋淀淀区的泥、水以及晒干的优势沉水植物金鱼藻、轮藻为研究对象,设置6个密度梯度模拟实验,分别于实验进行的50 d和100 d采集水样,运用紫外和荧光光谱技术研究沉水植物腐解阶段水体中溶解性有机质(DOM)的变化。结果显示,同步荧光光谱中,类蛋白峰荧光强度的变化不具规律性,类腐殖质峰荧光强度随密度的增加呈上升趋势,I2/I1的值随着密度的增加或时间的推移均逐渐增大;三维荧光光谱中,随着密度的增加,类富里酸荧光峰A和C的强度逐渐增加,而类色氨酸荧光峰T1的强度变化不大,腐解植物的密度大于3 kg/m3时各组均产生了类海洋腐殖质荧光峰B且强度随密度的增加逐渐增强,C峰的强度与水样中的COD和TP呈显著正相关;紫外光谱测定中,A253/A203的值随着密度的增加或时间的推移而逐渐增大,水体中的芳香族化合物也增多。     

Spatial and seasonal variations of pesticide contamination in agricultural soils and crops sample from an intensive horticulture area of Hohhot, North-West China

The spatial variability and temporal trend in concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), in soils and agricultural corps were investigated on an intensive horticulture area in Hohhot, North-West China, from 2008 to 2011. The most frequently found and abundant pesticides were the metabolites of DDT (p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDD). Total DDT concentrations ranged from ND (not detectable) to 507.41 ng/g and were higher than the concentration of total HCHs measured for the range of 4.84–281.44 ng/g. There were significantly positive correlations between the ∑DDT and ∑HCH concentrations (r ²>0.74) in soils, but no significant correlation was found between the concentrations of OCPs in soils and clay content while a relatively strong correlation was found between total OCP concentrations and total organic carbon (TOC). β-HCH was the main isomer of HCHs, and was detected in all samples; the maximum proportion of β-HCH compared to ∑HCHs (mean value 54%) was found, suggesting its persistence. The α/γ-HCH ratio was between 0.89 and 5.39, which signified the combined influence of technical HCHs and lindane. Low p,p′-DDE/p,p′-DDT in N1, N3 and N9 were found, reflecting the fresh input of DDTs, while the relatively high o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT ratios indicated the agricultural application of dicofol. Ratios of DDT/(DDE+DDD) in soils do not indicate recent inputs of DDT into Hohhot farmland soil environment. Seasonal variations of OCPs featured higher concentrations in autumn and lower concentrations in spring. This was likely associated with their temperature-driven re-volatilization and application of dicofol in late spring.     

ClO2溶胞对SBR处理系统污泥减量研究

通过烧杯溶胞实验,考察了ClO2处理SBR剩余污泥上清液△SCOD随处理时间的变化,以确定ClO2溶胞最佳方式;在SBR中试系统,把系统排出剩余污泥的50%经ClO2处理后回流至处理系统,运行50 d,考察处理系统的污泥减量效果及其对系统污水处理效果的影响.结果表明,ClO2具有良好的溶胞作用,在最佳投量为8 mg C...     

防震减灾 任重道远

中华人民共和国已经度过了60年光辉岁月，中国大地发生了沧桑巨变；特别是改革开放的30年．给中华民族带来了蓬勃发展的生机：国家走向繁荣昌盛的强国之路，人民实现了安居乐业的梦想。对于从事防震减灾工作的人们来说，我们更是深切地体会到国家的防震减灾事业得到了长足的进展，增强了我国城乡防震减灾的能力。当然，也许有人会问，你们不是说地震预报没有过关吗？唐山地震和汶川地震都没能预报，造成了巨大的损失，     

战略环境评价（SEA）和可持续发展

SEA的作用不仅仅在于将EIA（环境影响评价）扩展到更具战略意义的决策层，它还是迈向可持续发展的关键一步，它有助于从政策到计划、规划吧至最后的项目遵循可持续发展目标，SEA是联系目前正在进行的项目EIA和使人类活动达到维持环境质量这一目标的纽带，文章讨论了SEA开展的必要性，介绍了SEA的2种类型，结合英国开展的实例，论述了“遵循型”SEA的主要内容及其应用前景。     

棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征，分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验，同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下，棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71．2mg／g和59．8mg／g；动力学实验数据很好的符合二级动力学方程，吸附达到平衡的时间为3h；热力学实验数据显示该吸附过程为自发的、吸热的过程。     

The platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene derived from Trichoderma harzianum induces maize resistance to Curvularia lunata through the jasmonic acid signaling pathway

Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) derived from Trichoderma harzianum was upregulated by the interaction of T. harzianum with maize roots or the foliar pathogen Curvularia lunata. PAF-AH was associated with chitinase and cellulase expressions, but especially with chitinase, because its activity in the KO40 transformant (PAF-AH disruption transformant) was lower, compared with the wild-type strain T28. The result demonstrated that the colonization of maize roots by T. harzianum induced systemic protection of leaves inoculated with C. lunata. Such protection was associated with the expression of inducible jasmonic acid pathway-related genes. Moreover, the data from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed that the concentration of jasmonic acid in maize leaves was associated with the expression level of defense-related genes, suggesting that PAF-AH induced resistance to the foliar pathogen. Our findings showed that PAF-AH had an important function in inducing systemic resistance to maize leaf spot pathogen.     

Bioaccessibility of arsenic in various types of rice in an in vitro gastrointestinal fluid system

Rice can be a major contributor to dietary arsenic exposure because of the relatively high total arsenic concentration compared to other grains, especially for people whose main staple is rice. This study employed in vitro gastrointestinal fluid digestion to determine bioaccessible or gastrointestinal fluid extractable arsenic concentration in rice. Thirty-one rice samples, of which 60 % were grown in the United States, were purchased from food stores in New York City. Total arsenic concentrations in these samples ranged from 0.090 ± 0.004 to 0.85 ± 0.03 mg/kg with a mean value of 0.275 ± 0.161 mg/kg (n = 31). Rice samples with relatively high total arsenic (>0.20 mg/kg, n = 18) were treated by in vitro artificial gastrointestinal fluid digestion, and the extractable arsenic ranged from 53 % to 102 %. The bioaccessibility of arsenic in rice decreases in the general order of extra long grain, long grain, long grain parboiled, to brown rices.