焦作市南郊土壤重金属含量分析与评价

对焦作市南郊土壤重金属Pb、Zn、Ni、Cu、Co、Mn进行测定分析,并采用单因子与综合污染指数法进行了分析评价,根据土壤重金属含量特征,讨论了土壤重金属污染的原因。结果表明:研究区表层土壤中目标重金属大多处于背景值以下,或是轻度污染水平,其中Ni为主要污染因子,Pb为轻污染,Mn、Zn和Cu单因子指数值大多都在1左右,土壤仍处于尚清洁或警戒线等级,Co处于安全等级;综合污染指数大部分处于轻污染或以上等级。     

徒骇河沉水植物腐烂对上覆水体中营养盐形态变化影响

将杀青后的菹草(Potamogetoncrispus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllumdemersum)剪成1 cm左右分别浸泡于装有原上覆水样的烧杯中,并置于27℃和10℃的恒温培养箱中,在不同时刻测定上覆水体的pH、溶解氧(DO)和不同形态氮磷营养盐的浓度。结果表明:由于菹草和金鱼藻的腐烂分解,上覆水体pH呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,溶解氧急剧降低,氮磷浓度增加。氮浓度的增加以有机氮为主,平均约占63%,氨氮次之,约占25%;磷浓度的增加在实验前期以颗粒态磷为主,平均约占60%,而在实验后期以可溶性总磷为主,约占65%。在27℃下,氮磷形态浓度主要呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在10℃下,氮磷形态浓度主要表现为持续上升。硝氮和亚硝氮浓度的变化与溶解氧浓度变化具有较好的一致性。     

微囊藻毒素神经毒理学研究进展

微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)是蓝藻产生的主要毒素,中毒人群或动物会表现出神经毒害症状,目前越来越多的研究关注其神经毒害及毒理.MCs 可能由有机阴离子转运肽(OATP)转运并穿过血脑屏障,在动物脑组织中分布与蓄积.MCs会严重影响神经发育,损害动物的神经系统功能.MCs可能通过影响脑组织中的解毒与抗氧...     

石油类污染物对土壤、地下水环境影响模拟分析

某油田利用千化池蒸发处理联合站排放的含油污水,部分干化池存在轻微渗漏,下渗的污水会对地下水产生污染。为掌握污染物在地下水中的迁移转化规律,建立含油废水的一维竖向迁移模型,并利用Hydrus-1D计算程序对地下水中污染物浓度随时间、运移距离衰减的情况进行模拟分析。分析结果对于控制干化池含油废水中石油类污染物对地下水环境的污染具有一定的参考价值。     

Solid recovery rate of food waste recycling in South Korea

Source-separated collection system of household food waste has been implemented national wide in South Korea. Food waste recycling rate that means conversion rate to recycle is over 90 % in present. However, over the value of 90 %, we need to enhance the efficiency of food waste recycling process. We analyzed material flow of 24 food waste recycling facilities and calculated solid recovery rate to key-process. We found that 3–13 % of the solids from food waste outflows with foreign materials and 27–33 % of the solids outflow with wastewater. As a result, solid recovery rates are 65.3, 60.9, and 56.3 % in wet feed facility, dry feed facility, and composting facility, respectively. Alternative ways to recovery solid from wastewater or collection tools to exclude plastic bags, salt, and moisture content are required to make food waste recycling more efficient.     

电子废弃物中贵重金属的回收技术研究

目前电子废弃物数量巨大,对生态环境产生了严重的危害,并且其中的贵重金属成分的潜在价值很高,所以,对电子废弃物中的贵重金属的回收迫在眉睫。总结了电子废弃物处理的传统技术,包括机械处理、火法和湿法冶金技术等。针对以上方法的特点及流程,从技术上和经济上分析其存在的问题,以及对环境造成的影响。另外,详细介绍了生物技术和超临界流体萃取技术在回收贵重金属方面的研究和发展趋势。最后,简要评述了国内电子废弃物处理所面临的问题,并提出了可能的解决方案。     

东昌湖水体富营养化评价及N、P平衡研究

通过对东昌湖2005年水质监测数据的分析,采用卡尔森指数法对东昌湖水体的富营养化水平进行了评价,发现东昌湖水体处于中-富营养化水平。对东昌湖水体富营养化的主要影响因子N、P的平衡研究结果表明：东昌湖N输入量为7．35t,／a,P输入量为1．47t/a,主要来源于随外界输水进入;N和P输出量分别为6．44t／a和0．88t／a,截留率分别为12．4％和39．9％。根据东昌湖N、P平衡,建议采用生物控制模式防止东昌湖水体富营养化的加剧。     

Partial anammox achieved in full scale biofilm process for typical domestic wastewater treatment

• A full scale biofilm process was developed for typical domestic wastewater treatment. • The HRT was 8 h and secondary sedimentation tank was omitted. • Candidatus Brocadia were enriched in the HBR with an abundance of 2.89%. • Anammox enabled a stable ammonium removal of ~15% in the anoxic zone. The slow initiation of anammox for treating typical domestic wastewater and the relatively high footprint of wastewater treatment infrastructures are major concerns for practical wastewater treatment systems. Herein, a 300 m³/d hybrid biofilm reactor (HBR) process was developed and operated with a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h. The analysis of the bacterial community demonstrated that anammox were enriched in the anoxic zone of the HBR process. The percentage abundance of Candidatus Brocadia in the total bacterial community of the anoxic zone increased from 0 at Day 1 to 0.33% at Day 130 and then to 2.89% at Day 213. Based upon the activity of anammox bacteria, the removal of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) in the anoxic zone was approximately 15%. This showed that the nitrogen transformation pathway was enhanced in the HBR system through partial anammox process in the anoxic zone. The final effluent contained 12 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), 0.662 mg/L NH₄⁺-N, 7.2 mg/L total nitrogen (TN), and 6 mg/L SS, indicating the effectiveness of the HBR process for treating real domestic wastewater.     

Toxicological effects of active and inert ingredients of imazethapyr formulation Verosil® against Scenedesmus vacuolatus (Chlorophyta)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Imazethapyr, a selective systemic herbicide, is widely used in agriculture and it is frequently detected in water bodies close to application areas....     

锦州市2015年二氧化硫新增量预测

根据《“十二五”主要污染物总量控制规划编制技术指南》提供的公式,预测社会经济发展主要参数,包括GDP、能源消费总量、煤炭消费量等指标。二氧化硫新增量预测以宏观测算方法为主,并按行业测算方法予以校核。宏观测算分为火电行业和非电力行业,结果为1.419万t;分行业预测分为石化、建材（水泥）、有色、冶金和其他行业,结果为1.774万t,两者预测偏差为25%,采用分行业预测结果作为2015年二氧化硫新增量预测。