调理料添加比例对菇渣基质发酵效果的影响

为探讨废弃蘑菇基料菇渣改性生产有机栽培基质技术,直接采用菇渣为主要原料,以猪粪作为调理料进行好氧发酵,研究猪粪的不同添加比例对菇渣好氧发酵腐熟条件中的温度、挥发性固体(VS)、p H、全氮、全磷、种子发芽指数(GI)的影响。结果表明,猪粪适宜作为菇渣改性生产有机基质的调理料,发酵过程始终维持含水率在65%左右,3个处理高温持续时间均在5 d以上,满足基质无害化卫生标准要求,发酵完成后p H均符合腐熟基质标准,GI均达到60%以上。而猪粪添加量较少时,可以缩短进入高温发酵期的时间,堆体达到的最高温度较高,堆料腐熟较快,且最有利于氮素的保存和全磷的浓缩。综合以上实验结果表明,在菇渣发酵中添加15%的猪粪有利于改善发酵条件,提高堆体的养分含量。     

H2O和SO2对V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂催化氧化NO的影响

研究了在120℃的反应温度下,H2O和SO2对V2O5-WO3TiO2催化剂选择性催化氧化(SCO)NO的影响.结果表明,在H2O和SO2存在的情况下催化剂失活很快,停止通入H2O和SO2后活性不能恢复,但在加热到250℃后催化活性基本恢复.FT-IR分析表明,催化剂表面形成了金属硝酸盐和Ti的硫酸盐,对催化活性有一定...     

菇渣作为有机栽培基质好氧改性的实验

研究分别以珍珠岩、菌种、猪粪作为添加料,对菇渣静态垛好氧发酵效果的影响。结果表明,菇渣+猪粪处理50℃以上的高温维持时间更长,挥发性固体(VS)和C/N下降幅度更高,有利于菇渣好氧发酵达到腐熟的状态。堆体内温度出现层次效应,高温发酵阶段下层温度高于中层温度,稳定阶段中层温度高于下层,堆体上层温度始终低于中下层。     

许昌市发制品行业的清洁生产调查

发制品行业是以人发、人造纤维等为原材料进行假发加工的行业。许昌市发制品的生产过程大致可分为两个阶段:漂染和前后处理。漂染过程用水量大,产生的废水难以处理。其中过酸、氧化、染色配置的溶液使用一次后直接排放,不符合清洁生产要求,且所排放的溶液可考虑中和多次利用。漂染过程水资源消耗量大,废水产生量大,没有考虑废水综合利用。按清洁生产的要求在以上环节可通过技术革新和设备改造得以改进。     

不同深度处理工艺再生水中余氯衰减规律及溶解性有机物变化特性比较

考察了余氯在不同深度处理工艺再生水中的衰减规律,并利用紫外-可见吸收差光谱和三维荧光光谱对余氯衰减过程的有机物变化进行了初步解析.结果表明,再生水中的余氯衰减迅速,加氯前0.5 h内的氯消耗占8 h内氯消耗的50%以上.混凝出水水样的余氯衰减速率大于超滤出水和臭氧出水.加氯后,混凝出水和超滤出水的紫外-可见吸收差光谱在230 nm和280 nm附近出现特征峰,表明余氯衰减过程中,水中具有不饱和键和生色团的物质被破坏.臭氧出水在波长230 nm附近出现特征峰.加氯使再生水的荧光强度减弱,混凝出水中腐殖质类物质荧光强度的降低程度大于超滤出水和臭氧出水,表明该类物质可能是影响余氯衰减速率的主要物质.     

Removal of NOx from Flue Gas with Iron Filings Reduction Following Complex Absorption in Ferrous Chelates Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

A novel process for removal of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) from flue gases with iron filings reduction following complex absorption in iron-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid aqueous solution is proposed. The reaction mechanism involved in the process is discussed briefly. The parameters influencing the process, including the concentration of ferrous chelates, initial pH, amount of iron filings, temperature, flow rate of the flue gas, and inlet nitric oxide concentration and oxygen content of the flue gas, are researched in detail. The optimal NO_x removal conditions are established. The regeneration and circular utilization of the absorption solution also is studied.     

Evaluating inter-continental transport of fine aerosols: (1) Methodology,global aerosol distribution and optical depth

Our objectives are to evaluate inter-continental source-receptor relationships for fine aerosols and to identify the regions whose emissions have dominant influence on receptor continents. We simulate sulfate, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust aerosols using a global coupled chemistry-aerosol model (MOZART-2) driven with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis meteorology for 1997–2003 and emissions approximately representing year 2000. The concentrations of simulated aerosol species in general agree within a factor of 2 with observations, except that the model tends to overestimate sulfate over Europe in summer, underestimate BC and OC over the western and southeastern (SE) U.S. and Europe, and underestimate dust over the SE U.S. By tagging emissions from ten continental regions, we quantify the contribution of each region's emissions on surface aerosol concentrations (relevant for air quality) and aerosol optical depth (AOD, relevant for visibility and climate) globally. We find that domestic emissions contribute substantially to surface aerosol concentrations (57–95%) over all regions, but are responsible for a smaller fraction of AOD (26–76%). We define “background” aerosols as those aerosols over a region that result from inter-continental transport, DMS oxidation, and emissions from ships or volcanoes. Transport from other continental source regions accounts for a substantial portion of background aerosol concentrations: 36–97% for surface concentrations and 38–89% for AOD. We identify the Region of Primary Influence (RPI) as the source region with the largest contribution to the receptor's background aerosol concentrations (or AOD). We find that for dust Africa is the RPI for both aerosol concentrations and AOD over all other receptor regions. For non-dust aerosols (particularly for sulfate and BC), the RPIs for aerosol concentrations and AOD are identical for most receptor regions. These findings indicate that the reduction of the emission of non-dust aerosols and their precursors from an RPI will simultaneously improve both air quality and visibility over a receptor region.     

Eutrophication Prediction Using a Markov Chain Model: Application to Lakes in the Yangtze River Basin,China

Lake eutrophication is harmful and difficult to predict due to its complex evolution. As an alternative to existing mechanistic models, a Markov chain model was developed to predict the development of lake eutrophication based on an 11-year dataset in 41 lakes of the Yangtze River Basin. This model was validated using a real-time update strategy and was demonstrated to be reliable. Based on the dataset, the lake eutrophication dynamics from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed. Lakes with different trophic states from 2011 to 2050 and their responses to different water management practices were simulated based on the developed model. The simulation results show that lake eutrophication would worsen from 2011 to 2040; however, eutrophication could be significantly alleviated by changing 100 km² of hypereutrophic lakes into eutrophic lakes per year from 2010 to 2020. The nutrient conditions in most of the lakes in the Yangtze River Basin show that phosphorus control would be more efficient than nitrogen control in eutrophication management practices. This case study demonstrates the utility of Markov chain models in using prior information to predict the long-term evolution of lake eutrophication at large spatial scales. The Markov chain technique can be easily adapted to predict evolutionary processes in other disciplines.     

Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化高效脱除沼气中H2S的研究

提出了Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化脱除沼气中H₂S新工艺，阐述了反应机理、实验装置和工艺流程，考察了各单因素操作条件对H₂S脱除效率的影响，在此基础上进行的综合条件实验，脱硫效率都维持在99.6%以上，净化后沼气中H₂S含量低于国家标准。过程不消耗任何化工原料，不产生二次污染，体系无降解问题。     

Cost-effective control of SO2 emissions in Asia

Despite recent efforts to limit the growth of SO(2) emissions in Asia, the negative environmental effects of sulphur emissions are likely to further increase in the future. This paper presents an extension of the RAINS-Asia integrated assessment model for acidification in Asia with an optimisation routine that can be used to identify cost-effective emission control strategies that achieve environmental targets for ambient SO(2) concentrations and sulphur deposition at least costs. Example scenarios developed with this optimisation module demonstrate a potential for significant cost savings in Asia, if emission controls are allocated to those sources that have the largest environmental impact and are cheapest to control. It is shown that strategies that simultaneously address harmful population exposure and the risk of vegetation damage from acid deposition result in the most cost-effective use of resources spent for emission controls.