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21.
C. Liebner J. Fischer S. Heinrich T. Lange H. Hieronymus E. Klemm 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2012,90(2):77-82
A method for the determination of safety properties for micro reactors and micro structured components is presented. Micro structured reactors are not inherently safe but the range of safe operating conditions of micro reactors are extended since the explosion region is reduced. The λ/3 rule was demonstrated to be applicable to micro scale tubes for stoichiometric mixtures of ethane–oxygen and ethane–nitrous oxide. Furthermore first results from an investigation concerning detonation propagation through a micro reactor of non-ideal geometry are shown. Initial pressure investigated is ranging from low pressure up to 100 kPa. 相似文献
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Development and evaluation of a Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity Index (MBII) for regionally assessing Mid-Atlantic Highlands Streams 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Klemm DJ Blocksom KA Fulk FA Herlihy AT Hughes RM Kaufmann PR Peck DV Stoddard JL Thoeny WT Griffith MB Davis WS 《Environmental management》2003,31(5):0656-0669
The Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity Index (MBII) was developed from data collected at 574 wadeable stream reaches in the
Mid-Atlantic Highlands region (MAHR) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP). Over 100 candidate metrics were evaluated for range, precision, responsiveness to various disturbances, relationship
to catchment area, and redundancy. Seven metrics were selected, representing taxa richness (Ephemeroptera richness, Plecoptera
richness, Trichoptera richness), assemblage composition (percent non-insect individuals, percent 5 dominant taxa), pollution
tolerance [Macroinvertebrate Tolerance Index (MTI)], and one functional feeding group (collector-filterer richness). We scored
metrics and summed them, then ranked the resulting index through use of independently evaluated reference stream reaches.
Although sites were classified into lowland and upland ecoregional groups, we did not need to develop separate scoring criteria
for each ecoregional group. We were able to use the same metrics for pool and riffle composite samples, but we had to score
them differently. Using the EMAP probability design, we inferred the results, with known confidence bounds, to the 167,797
kilometers of wadeable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands. We classified 17% of the target stream length in the MAHR as
good, 57% as fair, and 26% as poor. Pool-dominated reaches were relatively rare in the MAHR, and the usefulness of the MBII
was more difficult to assess in these reaches. The process used for developing the MBII is widely applicable and resulted
in an index effective in evaluating region-wide conditions and distinguishing good and impaired reaches among both upland
and lowland streams dominated by riffle habitat. 相似文献
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Peitzmeier Christian Loschke Carmen Wiedenhaus Hanna Klemm Otto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(29):23279-23289
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We conducted a 60-day roadside measurement campaign on a busy street in Münster, Germany, during summer 2016. We used gas and particle... 相似文献
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Klemm RJ Thomas EL Wyzga RE 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(11):1281-1291
The purpose of this analysis is threefold. We first examine the extent to which a longer series of data improves our understanding of air pollution on human mortality in the Atlanta, GA, area by updating the findings presented in Klemm and Mason (J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 1433-1439) and Klemm et al. (Inhal. Toxicol. 2004, 16 (Suppl 1), 131-141) with 7.5 additional years of data. We explore estimated effects on two age groups (<65 and 65+) and four categories of cause of death. Second, we investigate how enlarging the geographic area of inquiry influences the estimated effects. Third, because some air quality (AQ) measures are monitored less frequently than daily, we investigate the extent to which AQ measurement frequency can influence estimates of relationships with human mortality. Our analytical approach employs a Poisson regression model using generalized linear modeling in S-Plus to estimate the relationship between daily AQ measures and daily mortality counts. We show that the estimated effects and their associated t values vary by year for nine AQ measures (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or =2.5 microm [PM2.5], elemental carbon [EC], organic carbon [OC], NO3, SO4, O3, NO2, CO, and SO2). Several of the estimated AQ effects show downward trends during the 9-year period of study. The estimated effects tend to be strongest for the AQ measurement during the day of death and tend to decrease with additional lags. Enlarging the geographic area from two to four counties in the metropolitan area decreased the estimated effects, perhaps partly due to the fact that the measurement site is located in one of the two original counties. Estimated effects utilizing data as if the AQ were only measured every 3rd or every 6th day each week or twice per week vary from lower to higher than that estimated with daily measurements, although the t values are lower, as expected. 相似文献
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Rebecca J. Klemm Robert M. Mason Jr. Charles M. Heilig Lucas M. Neas Douglas W. Dockery 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):1215-1222
ABSTRACT In 1996, Schwartz, Dockery, and Neas1 reported that daily mortality was more strongly associated with concentrations of PM2.5 than with concentrations of larger particles (coarse mass [CM]) in six U.S. cities (“original paper'V'original analyses”). Because of the public policy implications of the findings and the uniqueness of the concentration data, we undertook a reanalysis of these results. This paper presents results of the reconstruction of these data and replication of the original analyses using the reconstructed data. The original investigators provided particulate air pollution data for this paper. Daily weather and daily counts of total and cause-specific deaths were reconstructed from original public records. The reconstructed particulate air pollution and weather data were consistent with the summaries presented in the original paper. Daily counts of deaths in the reconstructed data set were lower than in the original paper because of restrictions on residence and place of death. The reconstruction process identified an administrative change in county codes that led to higher numbers of deaths in St. Louis. Despite these differences in daily counts of deaths, the estimated effects of par-ticulate air pollution from the reconstructed dataset, using analytic methods as described in the original paper, produced combined effect estimates essentially equivalent to the originally published results. For example, the estimated association of a 10 |j.g/m3 increase in 2-day mean particulate air pollution on total mortality was 1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-1.7%, t = 6.53) for PM25 based on the reconstructed dataset, compared to the originally reported association of 1.5% (95% CI 1.1-1.9%, t = 7.41). For coarse particles, the estimated association from the reconstructed dataset was 0.4% (95% CI -0.2-0.9%, t = 1.43) compared to the originally reported association of 0.4% (95% CI -0.1-1.0%, t = 1.48). These results from the reconstructed data suggest that the original results reported by Schwartz, Dockery, and Neas1 were essentially replicated. 相似文献