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51.
The IPCC recommends the use of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies in order to achieve the Kyoto environmental goals. This paper sheds light on this issue by assessing the optimal strategy regarding the long-term use of CCS technologies. The aim is to analyze the optimal CCS policy when the sequestration rate is endogenous, being therefore one specific tool of the environmental policy. We develop a simple growth model to identify the main driving forces that should determine the optimal CCS policy. We show that, under some conditions on the cost of extractions, CCS may be a long-term solution to curb carbon emissions. We also show that over time the social planner will choose to decrease the rate of capture and sequestration. We then derive the decentralized equilibrium outcome by considering the programs of the fossil resource-holder and of the representative consumer. Finally, we determine the optimal environmental policy, i.e. the carbon tax scheme, as well as the dynamics of the fossil fuel price needed to implement it.  相似文献   
52.
The concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Cd were determined to evaluate the level of contamination of To Lich River in Hanoi City. All metal concentrations in 0–10-cm water samples, except Mn, were lower than the maximum permitted concentration for irrigation water standard. Meanwhile, concentrations of As, Cd, and Zn in 0–30-cm sediments were likely to have adverse effects on agriculture and aquatic life. Sediment pollution assessment was undertaken using enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index (I geo). The I geo results indicated that the sediment was not polluted with Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni, and the pollution level increased in the order of Cu < Pb < Zn < As < Cd. Meanwhile, significant enrichment was shown for Cd, As, Zn, and Pb. Cluster and principal component analyses suggest that As and Mn in sediment were derived from both lithogenic and anthropogenic sources, while Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni originated from anthropogenic sources such as vehicular fumes for Pb and metallic discharge from industrial sources and fertilizer application for other metals.  相似文献   
53.
Steroid oestrogens (SE) are released by humans and animals into the environment. In the Mekong Delta animal excrement is directly discharged into surface water and can pollute the water. Only a few animal production sites are currently treating the excrement in either biogas plants or vermicomposting systems. The concentration of SE in manures from pigs and cattle was monitored in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Fresh cow faeces had an oestrogen concentration of 3.3 ng E2 eq/g dry weight. The SE concentration in effluent from biogas plants fed with animal manures was 341 ng E2 eq/L. Most of the SE were in the solid phase (77.9–98.7%). Vermicomposting reduced SE to 95% of the original input.  相似文献   
54.
Different techniques have been employed in order to evaluate the most efficient procedure for the extraction of selenium from soil as required for speciation. Selenium contaminated sediments from Stewart Lake Wetland, California were used. A strong acid mineralization of the samples gives quantitative total selenium, which is then used to estimate recoveries for the milder extraction methods. The different extraction methodologies involve the sequential use of water, buffer (phosphate, pH 7) and either acid solution (e.g. HNO3 or HCl) or basic solutions (e.g. ammonium acetate, NaOH or TMAH). Pyrophosphate extraction was also evaluated and showed that selenium was not associated with humic acids. The extractants were subsequently analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with UV (254 and 400 nm) and on-line ICP-MS detection; anion exchange chromatography, and ion-pair reversed phase chromatography with ICP-MS detection. For sequential extractions the extraction efficiencies showed that the basic extractions were more efficient than the acidic. The difference between the acidic and the basic extraction efficiency is carried to the sulfite extraction, suggesting that whatever is not extracted by the acid is subsequently extracted by the sulfite. The species identified with the different chromatographies were selenate, selenite, elemental selenium and some organic selenium.  相似文献   
55.
正We are very pleased to announce that five Associate Editors have joined the editorial team of the Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES).Professors/Drs.Yong Cai,Paul Lam,Jonathan Martin,Michael Plewa,and Po Keung Wong bring a wealth of expertise in environmental sciences.As preeminent scientists in their chosen areas of research,they have made outstanding contributions to the discipline of environmental  相似文献   
56.
耕地土壤的重金属有可能通过食物链网迁移转化危害生态环境和人体健康.目前,人们对兰州市耕地土壤重金属的生态环境和人体健康风险还不够清楚,从而影响对其有效管控.因此,以兰州市耕地表层土壤为研究对象,采用潜在生态风险危害指数评价As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb共5种重金属的生态环境风险,以USEPA提出的健康风险模型和推荐的标准评估其人体健康风险,用地理探测器探究风险空间分异的主要影响因子,以便为研究区重金属污染风险的精准管控提供科学依据.结果表明,研究区耕地表层土壤重金属对生态环境风险主要为中风险(65.25%),少部分为低风险(13.80%)和高风险(20.95%),低风险区主要位于永登县东南部、榆中县中部和北部以及皋兰县西南部;中等风险区在三县五区均有分布;高风险区位于永登县北和东南部、城关区南部、七里河东北部、西固区东部和榆中县中部.5种重金属不同暴露途径的非致癌与致癌风险均为:经口摄入>皮肤接触>呼吸摄入,总体上儿童高于成人.但是,"五毒"重金属的非致癌风险HI均小于1,表明它们对当地居民不存在不可接受的非致癌风险.As的致癌风险分别大于1×10-5(儿童2.04×10-5)和小于1×10-4(成人1.91×10-5),说明其对当地居民存在可接受的中等致癌风险,且儿童的大于成人.地理探测器分析表明,采样季平均降水量对As和Cd人体健康风险空间分异的影响最大,GDP对Cr风险空间分异的影响最大,距铁路距离对Hg和Pb风险空间分异的影响最大;交互作用探测表明,各因子之间均为双因子增强,除主导因子起作用外,pH值、坡度和海拔高度等其它因子也会增强主导因子对耕地土壤重金属风险空间分异的影响程度.  相似文献   
57.
本文通过对电厂脱硫产物成份的分析,并类比国外技术论述其贮存处置方法,脱硫产物综合利用的用途及合理性.  相似文献   
58.
介绍了分布式能源系统的构成、运行特点及技术发展情况,研究了国内首个MW级分布式供能系统工程的烟囱高度和形式,预测和分析了项目大气污染物对环境的影响,证明了该项目烟囱选择的合理性,为下阶段国内分布式能源系统烟囱选型奠定技术基础。  相似文献   
59.
土壤镉污染修复方法及生物修复研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
土壤镉污染主要由人为活动引起,镉在土壤环境体系中存在复杂多变的形态,文章介绍了土壤镉污染对生物体的危害性及其修复方法,综述了生物修复技术处理镉污染土壤的研究进展,并提出了展望。  相似文献   
60.
五种水生植物对水中铀的去除作用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
采用水培实验,研究了浮叶植物野生水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)、漂浮植物浮萍(Lemna minor L)、满江红(Azolla imbircata)、沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、挺水植物空心莲子草(Alligator Alternanthera Herb)在初始铀浓度分别为0.15、1.50和15.00 mg·L-1水中的生长状况及它们对水中铀的去除能力.结果表明,在21 d的水培试验期内,满江红对铀表现出了最强的抗性,0.15、1.50和15.00 mg·L-1的铀对满江红的生长抑制率分别只有4.56%、2.48%和6.79%,而满江红对水中铀的去除率分别达到了94%、97%和92%.进一步的试验表明,每1 L水中种植7.5 g满江红,可以获得最大的铀去除率,将初始铀浓度为1.25、2.50、5.00和10.00 mg·L-1的水体降至国家排放标准(GB 23727—2009)规定值(0.05 mg·L-1)以下分别需要17、19、23和25 d.研究结果为进一步开展铀污染水体植物修复的研究打下了基础.  相似文献   
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