炼油污水深度处理回用的中试

采用两级曝气生物滤池和多介质滤池相串联的中试装置,连续处理某炼油厂污水车间二浮出水,主要考察了中试装置对污水中主要污染物的去除效果和规律,并确定了适宜的气水比。试验结果表明:采用该工艺时,除石油类外,其它各项指标都达到《循环冷却水用再生水水质标准》(HG/T3923-2007)要求的水质指标;两级曝气生物滤池的气水比分别选用5.6∶1和5∶1为宜;验证了BAF是通过生物氧化和过滤两种作用来去除COD,第一段BAF以去除污水中碳化有机物为主,第二段BAF主要以去除污水中的NH4+-N为主。     

废活性炭微波再生新工艺的研究

提出用微波加热-二氧化碳活化法再生乙酸乙烯合成用触媒载体废活性炭工艺.采用条件实验法研究了活化时间、二氧化碳流量和微波功率对活性炭碘吸附值,亚甲基蓝吸附值和再生得率的影响,得到微波辐射加热二氧化碳活化再生乙酸乙烯用触媒载体废活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间25 min,二氧化碳流量0.2 L/min,微波功率700 W.在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1158.02 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为240 mg/g、得率为74.19%.并对活性炭进行了比表面积的测定和孔结构的分析,活性炭的比表面积为1308.13 m2/g,总孔容为0.76 mL/g.     

大气固定污染源监测分析方法的标准化研究

论述了大气监测分析方法标准化研究的特点、内容、样品采集方法和保存条件，样品预处理方法和测定条件，干扰试验、方法的基本特征参数第一轮测定、实际样品的测定等问题。     

水资源经济安全分析

水资源经济安全直接影响国家经济安全。水资源经济安全是指一国的水资源在时空与地质上不因为某一因素的演化而对其造成过大的破坏。我国的水资源经济安全正面临严峻考验，必须采取有效措施给予保护，方能使我国的经济持续，健康发展，才能保证人民的日常生活和正常进行。     

放牧强度季节调控对短花针茅荒漠草原土壤养分的影响

以内蒙古高原荒漠草原亚带短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原为研究对象,设置五个放牧强度季节调控处理和对照处理,对不同处理方式下土壤养分进行研究。结果表明：放牧的季节调控对土壤养分状况有一定的影响。0~10 cm土层全氮、速效氮、NH4-N在各放牧处理下无显著差异（P>0.05）,春季零放牧+夏季重度放牧+秋季适度放牧处理下全氮含量随土层深度的变化无显著差异（P>0.05）,春季零放牧+夏季适度放牧+秋季重度放牧土壤表层全氮高于底层,秋季重度放牧土壤全氮含量有往表层积累趋势。土壤全磷、速效磷含量随土层深度的变化无显著差异（P>0.05）,春季适度放牧+夏季适度放牧+秋季适度放牧下0~10 cm土层全磷、速效磷含量低于其他土层,短期的放牧对草地磷的养分含量无太大的影响。全钾含量在春季零放牧+夏季重度放牧+秋季适度放牧和春季零放牧+夏季适度放牧+秋季适度放牧下无显著差异（P>0.05）。速效钾含量0~10、20~30 cm土层春季零放牧+夏季重度放牧+秋季适度放牧明显高于春季零放牧+夏季适度放牧+秋季适度放牧（P<0.05）,全年载蓄率相同的情况下季节载蓄率的调整能影响钾的有效性。土壤有机质含量在不同放牧处理下较对照区有所增加;在0~10 cm 土层各放牧处理较对照有机质有增加的趋势。速磷与 NH4-N、NO3-N 具有极显著相关关系（P<0.01）,全氮和有机质具有极显著相关关系（P<0.01）。     

救生舱内人体体感温度的控制研究

针对救生舱在外界持续高温辐射影响下,研究了救生舱内避险人员体感温度的控制,并通过试验验证初始设计计算满足使用要求。采用热平衡的方法,构建了救生舱内各热源的数学模型,在保证体感温度小于35℃的前提下,以蓄冰耗损最小为目标,建立了救生舱内温度热平衡模型,完成了救生舱内平衡温度预估。试验结果表明:在持续106 h高温辐射情况下,救生舱内温度低于30℃,湿度低于75%,经计算人体体感温度低于30%,满足使用要求。     

宏观治理城市机动车排放措施的研究

文章阐明了治理城市机动车排放的重要意义,从宏观的角度分析了影响城市机动车排放的主要因素,并针对机动车排放性能、燃油品质、城市的交通状况、机动车管理监督体系和新能源车辆的应用等方面提出了治理城市机动车排放措施。     

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmiumspeciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3-16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid (from 11.3% to 61.7%) made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal(loid)s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd.     

Synergistic effects of non-thermal plasma-assisted catalyst and ultrasound on toluene removal

A wire-mesh catalyst coated by La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ was combined with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor for toluene removal at atmospheric pressure. It was found that toluene removal efficiency and carbon dioxide selectivity were enhanced in the catalytic packed-bed reactor. In addition, ozone and nitrogen monoxide from the gas effluent byproducts decreased. This is the first time that ultrasound combined with plasma has been used for toluene removal. A synergistic effect on toluene removal was observed in the plasma-assisted ultrasound system. At the same time, the system increased toluene conversion and reduced ozone emission.     

中国儿童铅暴露健康风险评估

通过检索中国生物医学文献数据库和中国全文期刊数据库,以及相关文献追溯等途径检索收集,并按照拟定的标准筛选国内1994-2012年公开发表的有关儿童血铅水平的论文;根据调查对象居住地点,将论文分为以城市儿童为研究对象和以农村儿童为研究对象两类.在此基础上,按照WHO推荐的评价方法,评估儿童铅暴露引起的轻度精神发育迟滞(以精神发育迟滞MMR发病率表征)及其疾病负担(以伤残调整寿命年DALYs表征),以此评价中国儿童铅暴露的健康风险.结果表明,中国城市儿童的血铅均值为7.02 μg·dL-1,MMR的发病率为17.9‰,农村儿童相应值分别为7.88 μg·dL-1和19.8‰.城市和农村儿童因铅暴露导致的DALYs损失分别为每千人39.4例和43.2例.结果提示,我国儿童铅暴露所致MMR发病率高于西太平洋区的平均水平,应采取积极的措施降低儿童铅暴露水平.