企业清洁生产审计运行机制研究

科学发展观的提出贯彻了协调经济发展与环境保护的理念,清洁生产审计则是控制和防范污染的有效管理措施之一,了解清洁生产审计的运行机制并保证其有效实施对中国可持续发展的战略目标至关重要。首先分析了清洁生产审计在国内外研究、发展现状,在综合考虑相关制约因素的茂盛是构建了企业清洁生产审计的运行机制,最后,为保障清洁生产审计运行机制的有效实施,提出了五点保障措施。     

Occurrence, distribution, and potential influencing factors of sewage sludge components derived from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants of Beijing, China

Millions of tons of waste activated sludge (WAS) produced from biological wastewater treatment processes cause severe adverse environmental consequences. A better understanding of WAS composition is thus very critical for sustainable sludge management. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of several fundamental sludge constituents were explored in WAS samples from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Beijing, China. Among all the components investigated, active heterotrophic biomass was dominant in the samples (up to 9478 mg/L), followed by endogenous residues (6736 mg/L), extracellular polymeric substances (2088 mg/L), and intracellular storage products (464 mg/L) among others. Moreover, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in composition profiles of sludge samples among the studied WWTPs. To identify the potential parameters affecting the variable fractions of sludge components, wastewater source as well as design and operational parameters of WWTPs were studied using statistical methods. The findings indicated that the component fraction of sewage sludge depends more on wastewater treatment alternatives than on wastewater characteristics among other parameters. A principal component analysis was conducted, which further indicated that there was a greater proportion of residual inert biomass in the sludge produced by the combined system of the conventional anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process and a membrane bioreactor. Additionally, a much longer solids retention time was also found to influence the sludge composition and induce an increase in both endogenous inert residues and extracellular polymeric substances in the sludge.     

土壤与沉积物中水溶性有机物释放动力学研究

模拟研究了沉积物与草甸沼泽土中水溶性天然有机物从固相向水相释放的动力学过程，探讨了流速、温度和ｐＨ条件对土壤物中水溶性有机物释放速度的影响。研究结果表明，上述过程可以用滞膜模型（单膜）加以描述，释放为典型的一级动力学过程，且草甸沼泽土中水溶性有机物的释放较沉积物快。     

空气过滤技术研究综述

文章分别从空气过滤材料、空气过滤器、空气过滤理论及空气过滤技术的应用等四个方面,对空气过滤技术进行了详细阐述.总结了空气过滤材料、空气过滤器的分类及研究进展、空气过滤器的过滤机理及过滤理论的发展.介绍了空气过滤技术的主要应用,并指出了空气过滤技术的发展动向和市场趋势.     

Web开发中使用数据库连结池技术

数据库连接池的基本思想就是为数据库连接建立一个"缓冲池".预先在缓冲池中放入一定数量的连接,当需要建立数据库连接时,只需从"缓冲池"中取出一个,使用完毕之后再放回去.我们可以通过设定连接池最大连接数来防止系统无尽的与数据库连接.更为重要的是我们可以通过连接池的管理机制监视数据库的连接数量、使用情况、为系统开发、测试及性能调整提供依据.     

TraK装置测定废水中的BOD_5

在对废水中的BOD5进行常规分析时,采用化学稀释法操作繁琐,对稀释倍数估计易发生错误。而利用TraK装置测试样品时,无须进行稀释和化学分析。用该装置对标准样品BOD5的测定结果表明:准确度相对误差为-3.3%～4.3%,精密度的相对误差为-3.5%～5.6%。该仪器测试性能可靠,数据准确度、精密度合格。与化学法对照分析表明,相对误差都在容许范围内,即在可接受范围内。     

我国电解锰行业氨氮污染分析与控制

我国"十二五"期间将氨氮纳入总量控制指标,电解锰行业氨氮污染控制变得非常紧迫。介绍了电解锰氨氮污染的现状,分析了电解锰氨氮污染的产生途径以及电解锰生产中的氨氮平衡,依据"源头消减、过程控制、末端循环"的清洁生产理念,提出了电解锰氨氮污染的控制措施。     

Highlights and new Editorial Advisory Board members of the Journal of Environmental Sciences

正The Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES)is honored to welcome Professors/Drs William A.Mitch,Jiuhui Qu,Susan D.Richardson,Jerald L.Schnoor,Hongxiao Tang,Shu Tao,and Hugh A.Tilson to serve on the Editorial Advisory Board(EAB).Their tremendous experience in scientific publications,leading expertise in topic areas pertinent to JES,diverse international networks/perspectives,and exemplary dedication to scientific excellence will guide and help the continuing healthy growth of JES.     

长江口区域水体半挥发性有机污染物健康风险评价

近年来长江口区域水体的有机物污染日渐严重.主要应用美国环境保护局(USEPA)的健康风险评价方法,并对其进行了一定的修改和补充,对长江口区域水体半挥发性有机污染物的健康风险进行了初步评价.结果表明:长江口区域水体半挥发性有机污染物的非致癌风险指数均小于1,其中单环芳香族类的非致癌风险值均在10-3数量级,卤代烃类的风险值在10-4数量级,均偏高于其他类物质;各类物质的致癌风险指数均在10-4数量级以下,其中六氯苯、双(2-氯乙基)醚和咔唑的风险指数相对较高,在10-5数量级.根据USEPA的建议值,初步认为目前长江口区域水体中单一半挥发性有机污染物不会对人体产生明显的健康危害.由于缺少相关的研究资料,因此各种有机污染物的联合健康效应评价尚无法进行.      

An investigation of changes in water quality throughout the drinking water production/distribution chain using toxicological and fluorescence analyses

Changes in water quality from source water to finished water and tap water at two conventional drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) were monitored.Beside the routine water quality testing,Caenorhabditis elegans-based toxicity assays and the fluorescence excitation–emission matrices technique were also applied.Both DWTPs supplied drinking water that met government standards.Under current test conditions,both the investigated finished water and tap water samples exhibited stronger lethal,genotox...