全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17133篇 |
免费 | 533篇 |
国内免费 | 2848篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 714篇 |
废物处理 | 1204篇 |
环保管理 | 1799篇 |
综合类 | 5448篇 |
基础理论 | 4302篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 4126篇 |
评价与监测 | 1367篇 |
社会与环境 | 1215篇 |
灾害及防治 | 337篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 25篇 |
2023年 | 153篇 |
2022年 | 450篇 |
2021年 | 430篇 |
2020年 | 392篇 |
2019年 | 320篇 |
2018年 | 1793篇 |
2017年 | 1766篇 |
2016年 | 1542篇 |
2015年 | 580篇 |
2014年 | 644篇 |
2013年 | 828篇 |
2012年 | 1155篇 |
2011年 | 2009篇 |
2010年 | 1199篇 |
2009年 | 1081篇 |
2008年 | 1390篇 |
2007年 | 1705篇 |
2006年 | 388篇 |
2005年 | 284篇 |
2004年 | 239篇 |
2003年 | 299篇 |
2002年 | 294篇 |
2001年 | 186篇 |
2000年 | 190篇 |
1999年 | 199篇 |
1998年 | 182篇 |
1997年 | 163篇 |
1996年 | 146篇 |
1995年 | 98篇 |
1994年 | 105篇 |
1993年 | 73篇 |
1992年 | 49篇 |
1991年 | 37篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1935年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 406 毫秒
991.
992.
Vernon G. Thomas 《The Environmentalist》2010,30(2):206-210
Lead from spent ammunition causes preventable lead exposure in wildlife and humans that may ingest it. Nontoxic substitutes
for lead ammunition exist but are not adopted widely because of hunter opposition. Other forms of lead exposure in the human
environment have been heavily regulated because there is no safe level of exposure. The use of lead ammunition should be regulated
similarly to protect wildlife from this common disease. 相似文献
993.
Tibetan yak herding practices in northwest Yunnan, southwest China have maintained remarkable biological diversity. To learn more about local cultural adaptation to policy changes, we interviewed 37 households in Deqin County on their traditional knowledge, and the changes they have observed in ecological conditions, livestock health, and land management. These villages varied in proximity to main roads, farmland quality, and livelihood options. Herd sizes in Deqin have quadrupled since the 1950s, due to commune era policies and subsequent privatization of livestock. The practice of burning shrubs increased during the communal period but has since decreased due to a burn ban. Herders report that the increase in shrublands invading alpine meadows has reduced livestock forage, reducing the productivity of alpine rangelands and yak health. Butter production has declined by 30 % over the last two decades. Herders are shifting to diversify sources of income when available, but villagers in remote and protected areas continue to depend on livestock for much of their livelihood. Scientific data confirm herder reported ecological changes including increased temperature, decreased snowfall, and accounts of increased erosion (which deserves further study). Climate, policy, and economic incentives have interacted to increase pressure on shrinking alpine meadows and reduce dairy production. 相似文献
994.
Na Yang Hua Zhang Miao Chen Li-Ming Shao Pin-Jing He 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(12):2552-2560
Determination of the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted during municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is complex because both contributions and savings of GHGs exist in the process. To identify the critical factors influencing GHG emissions from MSWI in China, a GHG accounting model was established and applied to six Chinese cities located in different regions. The results showed that MSWI in most of the cities was the source of GHGs, with emissions of 25–207 kg CO2-eq t?1 rw. Within all process stages, the emission of fossil CO2 from the combustion of MSW was the main contributor (111–254 kg CO2-eq t?1 rw), while the substitution of electricity reduced the GHG emissions by 150–247 kg CO2-eq t?1 rw. By affecting the fossil carbon content and the lower heating value of the waste, the contents of plastic and food waste in the MSW were the critical factors influencing GHG emissions of MSWI. Decreasing food waste content in MSW by half will significantly reduce the GHG emissions from MSWI, and such a reduction will convert MSWI in Urumqi and Tianjin from GHG sources to GHG sinks. Comparison of the GHG emissions in the six Chinese cities with those in European countries revealed that higher energy recovery efficiency in Europe induced much greater reductions in GHG emissions. Recovering the excess heat after generation of electricity would be a good measure to convert MSWI in all the six cities evaluated herein into sinks of GHGs. 相似文献
995.
Joseane Simone de Oliveira Pereira Lidiane Rodrigues da Silva Amanda de Meireles Nunes Silas de Souza Oliveira Eliane Veiga da Costa Edson Elias da Silva 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(1):27-33
Wild polioviruses still remain endemic in three countries (Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria) and re-emergency of wild polio has been reported in previously polio-free countries. Environmental surveillance has been used as a supplementary tool in monitoring the circulation of wild poliovirus (PVs) and/or vaccine-derived PVs even in the absence of acute flaccid paralysis cases. This study aimed to monitor the presence of polioviruses in wastewater samples collected at one wastewater treatment plant located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From December 2011 to June 2012 and from September to December 2012, 31 samples were collected and processed. RD and L20B cell cultures were able to isolate PVs and non-polio enteroviruses in 27/31 samples. Polioviruses were isolated in eight samples (type 1 Sabin = 1, type 2 Sabin = 5, and type 3 Sabin = 2). Vaccine-derived polioviruses were not detected nor evidence of recombination with other PVs or non-polio enterovirus serotypes were observed among the isolates. The Sabin-related serotypes 2 and 3 presented nucleotide substitutions in positions associated with the neurovirulent phenotype at the 5′-UTR. Changes in important Amino acid residues at VP1 were also observed in the serotypes 2 and 3. Environmental surveillance has been used successfully in monitoring the circulation of PVs and non-polio enteroviruses and it is of crucial importance in the final stages of the WHO global polio eradication initiative. Our results show the continuous circulation of Sabin-like PVs and non-polio enteroviruses in the analyzed area during the study period. 相似文献
996.
Sasima Charoenkit S. Kumar 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(5):695-728
Housing is not only one of the major sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but it has been increasingly vulnerable to climate-induced disasters, particularly those sheltering the urban poor. Both mitigation and adaptation measures are therefore required for the design and construction of low-income housing to encourage low carbon development and improve resilience to disasters. As self-help housing—the common type of housing for the urban poor in developing countries—is usually built by ordinary people with participatory approach, it is crucial to develop a low-carbon and disaster-resilient assessment tool for assisting them in making informed decisions during planning process. The objective of this article is to propose a new approach for developing a low-carbon and disaster-resilient assessment tool for self-help housing (LoDAT-SH) by combining opinions from experts and community residents to assign weights, identify indicators, and establish benchmarks with the aim to develop a simple, relevant, and practical tool for non-expert users like self-help residents. The application of the proposed methodology to a case study of a developing country, Thailand, shows the ability of LoDAT-SH, which contains 45 indicators in the four categories of low carbon development, disaster resilience, community participation, and financial consideration, in enabling self-help residents to assess the performance of their housing design, identify potential measures to create a low-carbon and disaster-resilient housing, and prioritize such actions. To support the creation of a low-carbon and disaster-resilient housing as the mitigation and adaptation strategy for urban development at the global level, the study suggests that the methodology of LoDAT-SH should be replicated to develop a more comprehensive assessment tool applicable for the use in self-help housing design in other developing countries, which will house about 900 million of the urban poor by 2020. 相似文献
997.
Fengchun Xie Tingting Cai Yang Ma Haiying Li Chuncheng Li Zhiyuan Huang Gaoqing Yuan 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(16):1494-1498
The paper presents a novel cleaner process for metal recovery from the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) waste sludge by assistance of ultrasound. The process can effectively recover heavy metals at low cost with high separation and recovery efficiency, produce high quality products and also achieve zero waste discharge with operation at industrial scale. With the PCB waste sludge containing (wet content) 3.14–4.85% copper and 3.71–4.23% iron, copper recovery efficiency of 95.2–97.5% and iron recovery efficiency of 97.1–98.5% were achieved, while the purity of copper sulfate produced by the process was 98.0% and the produced ferric chloride had a satisfied quality for using as a coagulant material for the plant on-site wastewater treatment. The process had been successfully scaled up to the industrial scaled applications in a heavy metal recovery plant in city of Huizhou, China for more than two years. The novel cleaner heavy metal recovery process has a great prospect on the applications of resources recovery and environmental protection practices. 相似文献
998.
A Comparative Approach for Ranking Contaminated Sites Based on the Risk Assessment Paradigm Using Fuzzy PROMETHEE 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A ranking system for contaminated sites based on comparative risk methodology using fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization
METHod for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) was developed in this article. It combines the concepts of fuzzy sets to represent
uncertain site information with the PROMETHEE, a subgroup of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. Criteria are identified
based on a combination of the attributes (toxicity, exposure, and receptors) associated with the potential human health and
ecological risks posed by contaminated sites, chemical properties, site geology and hydrogeology and contaminant transport
phenomena. Original site data are directly used avoiding the subjective assignment of scores to site attributes. When the
input data are numeric and crisp the PROMETHEE method can be used. The Fuzzy PROMETHEE method is preferred when substantial
uncertainties and subjectivities exist in site information. The PROMETHEE and fuzzy PROMETHEE methods are both used in this
research to compare the sites. The case study shows that this methodology provides reasonable results. 相似文献
999.
Service Opare 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(6):1021-1042
Water sector reforms in Ghana and in other developing countries resulted in the adoption of the community management approach
for water systems in an effort to ensure better management and service delivery. However, community management is also plagued
internal differences, paucity of technical skills, and insufficient management experience. This article presents a case study
of a successful community management system in Ghana that utilized a two-phase comanagement period before a full transfer
of management responsibilities to the four communities. The first phase of 3 months was a more intensive comanagement system
under which the communities teamed up with public agencies and a private firm to manage the water system. This enabled the
communities to acquire hands-on management experience and also tap needed skills from external agencies before a second phase
of 3 months characterized by gradual withdrawal of private agency support, and a simultaneous measured assumption of higher
responsibilities by the communities. Communities thereafter assumed full management responsibility of the water system and
have since then posted significant successes in financial management and operations of the system such that some profits have
been generated, there is regular water supply and the system operates without major technical hitches. This strategy illustrates
the fact that successful community management system is possible if local capacity is adequately strengthened with external
support prior to assumption of full community control of water supply systems, and if assumption of responsibilities is pursued
gradually. 相似文献
1000.
Jianling Xu Jiaqi Yang Nan Zhao Lianxi Sheng Yuanhui Zhao Zhanhui Tang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):6063-6070
Evaluation of the efficiency of aircraft liquid waste treatment has previously been conducted to prevent pollution of the environment. The current study aimed to provide a set of practical methods for efficient airport sanitary supervision. Aircraft liquid waste was collected at Longjia International Airport, Changchun from multiple flights. The efficiency of liquid waste treatment as well as the water quality of the wastewater processed via a second-stage wastewater facility were examined by measuring a number of physical, chemical, and biological indices. Our results indicated that treatment solely via resolvable sanitizing liquid was not sufficient. Although the contents of first-class pollutants all met the requirements of the standard criteria, the contents of a number of second-class pollutants did not satisfy these criteria. However, after further treatment via a second-stage wastewater facility installed at the airport, all indices reached second-grade requirements of the discharge standard. We suggest that daily inspection and quarantine indices at airports should include the suspension content, biological oxygen demands after 5 days, chemical oxygen demand total organic carbon content, amino nitrogen content, total phosphorous content, and the level of fecal coliforms. 相似文献