利用AERMOD预测焦化行业大气环境影响实例分析

随着焦化行业的快速发展,其环境污染问题也日益暴露出来,以大气污染最为严重。不同的焦化项目运行之后将会排放不同量的苯、CO、NH3、H2S、SO2和苯并芘等有毒有害气体,其排放量大小对项目所在地周围环境有着巨大影响,因此准确预测一个焦化项目对周围大气环境影响的程度,对决定此项目是否可行有着重大意义。以甘肃省某100万t焦化项目为例,在确定污染源的前提下,利用AERMOD模型,从气象数据及地形数据的获取方式、污染源选项、污染源设置、背景图、评价范围、网格点关心点的选取等方面详细介绍了利用AERMOD预测焦化行业大气环境影响的重点及技术要点,最后以SO2预测结果为例,分析了污染物对周围环境的影响程度,并简要介绍了影响污染物浓度分布的各个因素。希望为焦化行业大气环境影响预测以及AERMOD模型使用提供一定参考。     

夏季北极地区表层水中持久性有机污染物浓度水平分析

持久性有机污染物可以通过大气、洋流等各种长距离传输途径进入北极地区,其中有机氯农药和多氯联苯对生态环境影响持久。采集夏季北极不同纬度地区的环境水样,并对北极地区表层水中这两类物质进行分析,以揭示北极地区表层水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平。结果表明,所有水样均未检出多氯联苯;部分有机氯农药有检出,但处于极低的浓度水平,远低于国内外饮用水标准限值。     

共沉淀法处理垃圾渗滤液研究

对辽宁省鞍山市某生活垃圾卫生填埋场的晚期垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,选择MgO和磷矿粉两种矿物,利用共沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮,用于制备磷铵镁复合肥,实现垃圾渗滤液的资源化利用。实验结果如下:MgO与磷矿粉配合使用,能够较好地去除垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮。采用MgO、磷矿粉共沉淀法生成磷铵镁复合肥具有可行性,同时可为后续生化处理创造良好的条件;在给定条件下(氨氮浓度1200 mg/L,COD 3180 mg/L),垃圾渗滤液COD去除的最优实验条件为MgO添加量5.0 g/L、磷矿粉添加量100 g/L,反应时间4 h,处理后COD去除率为62.1%,氨氮去除率为87.5%;氨氮去除的最优实验条件为MgO添加量10 g/L、磷矿粉添加量60 g/L、反应时间4 h,处理后COD去除率为42.1%,氨氮去除率为96.1%。     

Mercury transportation in soil via using gypsum from flue gas desulfurization unit in coal-fired power plant

The mercury flux in soils was investigated, which were amended by gypsums from flue gas desulphurization (FGD) units of coal- fired power plants. Studies have been carried out in confined greenhouses using FGD gypsum treated soils. Major research focus is uptakes of mercury by plants, and emission of mercury into the atmosphere under varying application rates of FGD gypsum, simulating rainfall irrigations, soils, and plants types. Higher FGD gypsum application rates generally led to higher mercury concentrations in the soils, the increased mercury emissions into the atmosphere, and the increased mercury contents in plants (especially in roots and leaves). Soil properties and plant species can play important roles in mercury transports. Some plants, such as tall fescue, were able to prevent mercury from atmospheric emission and infiltration in the soil. Mercury concentration in the stem of plants was found to be increased and then leveled off upon increasing FGD gypsum application. However, mercury in roots and leaves was generally increased upon increasing FGD gypsum application rates. Some mercury was likely absorbed by leaves of plants from emitted mercury in the atmosphere.     

草原区煤炭开发的生态问题及其税费改革对策

锡林郭勒盟是我国重要的煤炭能源基地,近年来,煤电一体化开发为地区带来经济效益的同时也给环境带来巨大压力,大面积的草原受到破坏和威胁,引发了一系列生态问题,需要在锡盟未来的地区经济发展中引起注意。应该借鉴国际上对煤炭业开征环境保护税的经验,进行我国草原区煤炭业环境保护税费改革的制度设计和政策落实。     

环境条件变化对河流沉积物“三氮”释放的影响

以京杭运河某断面沉积物和上覆水为研究对象,利用室内模拟试验探讨了3种环境条件(温度,曝气复氧,pH值)变化对河道沉积物"三氮"释放的影响。结果表明:5℃时上覆水氨氮和硝态氮累积量高于25℃,25℃时上覆水亚硝态氮累积量高于5℃,冬季低温条件下沉积物氨氮和硝态氮释放对上覆水的影响不容忽视。曝气复氧能抑制沉积物氨氮的释放和加速硝化作用而消耗氨氮,并促进亚硝态氮和硝态氮的生成,但是复氧初期可能致使上覆水氨氮含量上升。pH值越低,上覆水氨氮累积量越大,1 d后pH 4条件下的底泥氨累积量为pH 10时的1.8倍,pH 7~8.5条件下上覆水亚硝态氮累积速度最快,硝态氮累积速率最低。     

基于FSDT的驾驶员危险感知能力检测研究

驾驶员危险感知能力对于安全驾驶至关重要,因此有效地检测驾驶员的危险感知能力以甄别出危险感知能力较差的驾驶员并对其进行相应培训,将可大大降低道路交通系统中事故的发生率.本文基于模糊信号检测理论(FSDT),设计了驾驶员危险感知能力的检测方法和分级试验方案,通过采用虚拟现实技术与模拟驾驶仿真技术,并利用模糊信号检测理论中的敏感度和信号响应标准两个指标,实现了对驾驶员危险感知能力的定量评价.结果表明:基于FSDT检测驾驶员危险感知能力是可行的,且信号响应标准参数比敏感度参数更能准确地判断驾驶员的危险感知能力.     

风沙土对放射性核素的吸附与解吸

研究了采自新疆的风沙土对不同放射性核素的吸附与解吸情况。结果表明,风沙土对137Cs的吸附一解吸滞后作用明显,而对帅Sr的吸附一解吸滞后作用极微;风沙土对239Pu和238U的平衡吸附量分别为22．54cpm／mg和19．27cpm／mg,粒径为45μm的风沙土能牢固地吸附239Pu和238U。     

Benefits of environmental information disclosure in managing water pollution: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental information disclosure (EID) is playing an increasingly important role in water pollution management. However, since EID is hard to...     

Obesity Kuznets curve hypothesis and global warming: a robust estimation under cross-section dependence

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Obesity is a worldwide concern as it leads to adverse effects on human health. This study uses a panel of 165 countries and annual data from 2000 to...