磁性絮凝剂处理景观生态水的实验条件探讨

研究了利用粉煤灰制成的磁性絮凝剂处理景观生态水的各种单因素实验,并且用正交实验的方法对该磁性絮凝剂处理景观生态水的实验条件进行了优化选择,研究了该磁性絮凝剂处理景观生态水的一般规律。实验结果表明,当操作条件为：投加量为200mg/L,搅拌时间为1min,搅拌速度为300r/min和磁吸附时间为1.5min时,取得最佳处理效果。在此实验条件下,景观生态水的COD、总P及氨氮的去除率分别可达76.15%、59.54%与53.36%。     

分散式污水处理系统的特征及其应用

从传统的生活污水集中处理和分散式污水处理方法入手,介绍了分散式污水处理系统的概念、类型及特征,分析了分散式处理系统存在着脱氮除磷、技术性能及环境友好方面的不完善之处。提出了加强脱氮除磷研究,实现生态化、节能化、景观化、省地化是分散式污水处理系统发展的方向。     

可生物降解材料聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）的合成与应用概述

聚羟基脂肪酸酯（polyhydroxyalkanoates,PHA）是很多微生物合成的一种细胞内聚酯,是一种天然的高分子生物材料。PHA具有良好的生物相容性能、生物可降解性和塑料的热加工等性能。文章主要综述了PHA的合成途径与有关应用方面的研究。     

县域生态功能区划研究——以巩义市为例

文章结合河南省巩义市的实例,对县城小尺度生态功能区划分的方法和指标选取进行实际应用的探讨。巩义市生态功能区划采用2级分区（生态区和生态功能区）的等级体系。其中,生态功能区的划分采用定量与定性相结合的方法,定量分析中选取了形成生态系统特征、影响生态服务功能的14个特征因子进行聚类分析,在此基础上,再采用主导标志法进行区域划分。最后提出巩义市4个生态区和8个生态功能区的二级生态功能区划方案。     

混凝法处理锰矿选矿废水的试验研究

选取聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和六水合氯化铁（FC）4种常用混凝剂,采用正交试验,以去浊率与去锰率作为综合评价指标,探讨了不同混凝剂处理锰矿选矿废水的效果及最佳混凝条件。结果表明：在以上混凝剂中,FC的混凝效果较差;PAM对锰矿选矿废水的处理效果最优,最佳的混凝条件为：处理500 ml的废水,投加1.5 ml的PAM,pH为7.0,搅拌后沉降20 min,废水经处理后去浊率与去锰率分别为96%、92%,其中废水的pH及投药量对混凝效果的影响较大。     

Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Baiyangdian Lake, North China： Concentrations, sources profiles and potential risk

Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river(Fuhe River) in North China.Total concentrations of OCPs,PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng/g,2.3 to 197.8 ng/g,and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng/g,respectively.The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake.For hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethanes(DDTs),α-HCH and p,p-DDT were predominant isomers;while for PCBs,PCB 28/31,PCB 40/103,PCB 60,PCB 101,and PCB 118 were predominant congeners.Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel,wood,and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs.Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.     

一个环保NGO的五年成长

<正>2010年10月13日,绿色和平、中国资源综合利用协会可再生能源专业委员会和全球风能理事会共同发布了《中国风电发展报告2010》。这个报告向全世界表明:中国在2009年的风电新增装机容量全球排名第一,已经成为全球风电行业发展当之无愧的领头羊。在发布会上,绿色和平气候与能源项目经理杨爱伦说道:"到2020年的风电累计装机可以达     

高速公路路面径流沉降过程中重金属去除特性

在对南京机场高速公路令桥段2008年2月~2009年2月15场降雨事件初期路面径流进行自由沉降试验的基础上,考察了自由沉降过程中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb 4种重金属的去除率随时间的变化特征.同时,重点分析了重金属去除与截留沉速和悬浮固体(SS)去除的关系,并探讨了降雨特征和径流pH值对重金属去除特性的影响.结果表明,沉降开始30min内Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb去除率增长迅速,30min去除率均占2h总去除率的60%以上.Pb的2h平均去除率最高,可达25.62％,Cu、Cd和Zn的2h平均去除率分别为21.20%、19.97%和19.10%.同一重金属的沉降去除率每提高10%,截留沉速范围及上限值减少5倍左右.截留沉速相同时,Pb的去除效果最好,Cd、Cu、Zn的去除效果相差不大.SS与Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb沉降去除率之间的相关性存在差异,Pb多数以颗粒态形式存在,因而SS与Pb沉降去除率相关系数最大,其相关系数为0.8126(p=0.0002）;SS与Cd、Cu、Zn沉降去除率的相关系数分别为0.6871、0.6804、0.7653.路面径流pH值对重金属去除特性的影响显著,与4种重金属沉降去除率均呈正相关,且与Zn、Cd、Pb的相关系数均大于0.5;Zn主要以溶解态形式存在,因而Zn沉降去除率受pH值影响最明显,两者在0.05水平上显著相关(p=0.029).     

SBR不同进水中反硝化除磷颗粒污泥的培养

分别以人工配水、加Ca~(2+)人工配水和实际生活污水为进水水源,在A/O/A运行模式的3套SBR反应器(R1、R2和R3)中培养反硝化除磷颗粒污泥,研究了其生化特性和启动过程的除污性能,分析了反硝化除磷能力,最后对颗粒化机理进行了探讨,重点考察了反硝化除磷颗粒污泥启动过程中对COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP的去除情况.结果表明,R1~R3均在30 d内成功得到反硝化除磷颗粒污泥,颗粒污泥平均粒径大于600μm,比重和比耗氧速率较大,含水率较低;培养过程中出水COD平均值低于40 mg·L~(-1),出水TN、NH+4-N及TP平均浓度低于1 mg·L~(-1);系统稳定后一个典型周期内试验表明,COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP的去除效果良好,对COD、NH+4-N、TN及TP的去除率可达90%以上;R1~R3中最大比释磷速率分别达14.34、8.32和2.32 mg·g·h~(-1)(以每g MLVSS每小时释放的P量(mg)计),R1~R2中最大比吸磷速率分别达14.13和2.34mg·g·h~(-1)(以每g MLVSS每小时吸收的P量(mg)计);试验结果表明,Ca~(2+)对颗粒化有促进作用.     

The biological effect of metal ions on the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge

As a special biofilm structure, microbial attachment is believed to play an important role in the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge (AGAS). This experiment was to investigate the biological effect of Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, Zn^2 +, and K⁺ which are the most common ions present in biological wastewater treatment systems, on the microbial attachment of AGAS and flocculent activated sludge (FAS), from which AGAS is always derived, in order to provide a new strategy for the rapid cultivation and stability control of AGAS. The result showed that attachment biomass of AGAS was about 300% higher than that of FAS without the addition of metal ions. Different metal ions had different effects on the process of microbial attachment. FAS and AGAS reacted differently to the metal ions as well, and in fact, AGAS was more sensitive to the metal ions. Specifically, Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, and K⁺ could increase the microbial attachment ability of both AGAS and FAS under appropriate concentrations, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + were also beneficial to the microbial attachment of FAS at low concentrations, but Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + greatly inhibited the attachment process of AGAS even at extremely low concentrations. In addition, the acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing system, the content of extracellular polymeric substances and the relative hydrophobicity of the sludges were greatly influenced by metal ions. As all these parameters had close relationships with the microbial attachment process, the microbial attachment may be affected by changes of these parameters.