镜泊湖水环境容量与水污染防治对策研究

随着镜泊湖旅游业快速发展,环境压力指数化增加长,环境保护面临着巨大的挑战。针对镜泊湖水环境污染严重的状况,在水质现状评价的基础上,计算了镜泊湖高锰酸盐指数和总磷两项指标的水环境容量值,并对计算结果进行了分析。在水环境容量计算结果的基础上,结合实际情况提出了镜泊湖流域水环境保护的措施和建议,为合理有效地利用水环境容量资源和区域可持续发展提供理论支撑和对策。     

2008-2010年洱海水质及藻类初步分析

根据2008～2010年洱海水质和藻种监测数据,得出洱海水质现状及藻类的变化状况。监测结果表明:近3年洱海水质总体呈好转趋势,三个监测站点水质好转表现为海东>才村>团山;总藻细胞密度则恰恰相反,其大小为团山>才村>海东。藻类种属方面,洱海共检出8门61属;蓝藻、绿藻门数目占总数的80%以上,其次为硅藻,约10%左右,洱海的藻类植物群落组成主要为蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻类型。此外,2010年以前三个监测点以蓝藻居多,2010年后绿藻及硅藻比重跃增,其他藻种出现频率升高,导致洱海藻类浮游植物群落组成有所变化,洱海藻类丰度提高,其原因可能与2010年云南气候的反常引发环境变化造成。     

信息化施工法在永蓝高速公路边坡工程中的应用

信息化施工是山区高速公路建设的关键技术之一,对路基、桥隧等的设计施工均发挥重要作用。本文以永蓝高速公路新铺子隧道出口高边坡工程为依托,对高速公路边坡工程信息化施工方法进行了系统的探讨。研究指出边坡工程信息化施工方法的主要内容是通过发掘施工中所揭露的地质信息,进行必要的位移和应力等方面的监测,以获得相应资料及数据进行边（...     

Integrated river basin management in rapidly urbanizing areas: a case of Shenzhen, China

The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development. This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management (IRBM) using Longgang River basin of Shenzhen as an example, which is the city with the fastest rate of urbanization in China and even the whole world. Over the past 20 years, China has undergone a population boom due to the increase of immigrant workers and rapid development of laborintensive industries, which led to the sharp increase of water consumption and sewage discharge. However, the construction of the water infrastructure is still lagging far behind the environmental and social development, with only 32.7% of sewage in the district being treated. Currently, every water quality indicator of the Longgang River basin was unable to meet the required corresponding environmental standards, which further aggravated the water shortages of the region. Thus, an analytical framework is proposed to address the IRBM of the study area. The problems with the current management system include the lack of decentralization in decision-making, lack of enforcement with redundant plans, weak management capacity, financial inadequacy, and a poor system of stakeholder participation. In light of the principles of IRBM and the situation of the region, corresponding measures are put forward, including an increase of power given to sub-district offices, fewer but more feasible plans, capacity building among stakeholders, a combination of planning and marketing for overcoming financial inadequacy, and profound reform in the public participation system. The framework and institutional suggestions could inform similar processes in other representative river basins.     

离心风机辐射噪声的降噪量预测

本文运用LMS Testlab软件对某风机现场工作时的噪声进行了测试分析,得出风机工作时的噪声频谱特征;运用LMS TestLab Sound Diagnosis模块的声诊断技术对采集到的风机实时信号进行了降噪量预测,为后期的噪声治理提供依据。避免了噪声治理的盲目性,更经济合理。     

浅谈电梯导轨隔振降噪的实践研究

现代高层住宅建筑中,电梯井道与住户分隔墙体常为同一实体,使得电梯高速运行时会有较大的导轨振动噪声影响与井道共墙的相邻住户。本文论述了电梯导轨噪声的产生机理、相关技术进展,分析了部分降噪治理技术误区,并结合导轨隔振降噪治理的成功案例分析,提出正确的电梯导轨噪声治理方法。     

基于羧甲基纤维素的铁盐水处理剂改进及其影响因素

采用羧甲基纤维素(CMC)物质,对铁盐(FeCl3)水处理絮凝剂进行改进,合成了CMC-铁盐新型复合絮凝剂,并使用2.0g/L的高岭土模拟污水的上层清液测定去除效率进行其优化反应条件的试验。结果表明,m(FeCl3)/m(CMC)为1∶2、m(CMC)/m(NaOH)为1∶1、水浴温度为50℃以及水浴时间为5h等条件下合成的新型复合絮凝剂絮凝性能最佳。     

适用于BAF的粉煤灰免烧陶粒的制备

为拓宽粉煤灰免烧陶粒的应用范围,使免烧法得以推广,本实验通过激发粉煤灰的潜在活性并选用污水厂剩余污泥为添加剂的方法制备免烧陶粒,使产品比市售烧结陶粒更适用于污水处理领域,为粉煤灰、污泥的处理提供一条经济合理的途径。实验对粉煤灰活性激发机理、污泥添加作用和陶粒物相组成(XRD)进行研究。制备陶粒产品的主要性能指标是破碎率1.9%,,表观密度为1667kg/m3,比表面积7.84m2/g。将制备免烧陶粒和市售烧结陶粒投入曝气生物滤池处理生活污水,结果表明利用污泥为添加剂,可在一定条件下制备出适用于BAF的性能优良的功能陶粒,达到经济节能、变废为宝的目的。     

Influence of soil type and genotype on Cd bioavailability and uptake by rice and implications for food safety

Cadmium (Cd) entering the human body via the food chain is of increasing concern. This study investigates the effects of soil type and genotype on variations in the Cd concentrations of different organs of nine rice plants grown on two types of soils with two Cd levels. Cd concentrations in nine rice cultivars varied significantly with genotype and soil type (P < 0.01). The Cd concentration was higher in red paddy soil (RP) than in yellow clayey paddy soil (YP). The average Cd concentrations of different organs in three rice types were indica > hybrid > japonica for the Cd treatments and controls. The polished grain concentration in YP and RP soils had a range of 0.055-0.23 mg/kg and 0.13-0.36 mg/kg in the Cd treatment, respectively. Two rice cultivars in YP soil and five rice cultivars in RP soil exceeded the concentration limits in the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard (0.2 mg/kg). The Cd concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves were all significantly and positively correlated to that in polished grain in a single test. The Cd concentrations in polished grain were positively and significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with the calculated transfer factors of stem to grain and leaf to grain Cd transfer. The results indicated that the variations of Cd concentration in grain were related to Cd uptake and the remobilization of Cd from stem and leaf to grain. Also, the cultivars with a strong tendency for Cd-accumulation should be avoided in paddy soil with low soil pH and low organic matter content to reduce the risks to human health from high Cd levels in rice.     

UV/H_2O_2、UV/O_3和O_3体系中自由基产生效率的比较研究

以水杨酸(Salicylic Acid,SA)为模型探针分子,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)研究了UV/H2O2、UV/O3和O3等高级氧化工艺的羟基自由基(·OH)产生效率。实验结果表明,在SA初始浓度40mg/L,反应时间10min,氧化剂投加量2mmol/L的条件下,2,5-DHBA和2,3-DHBA为水杨酸与·OH反应的主要中间产物。三种高级氧化工艺中,UV/H2O2体系具有最高的羟基自由基(·OH)产生效率。