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121.
生物表面活性剂是由微生物分泌的天然产物,由于其物理性质和化学结构与许多人工合成的表面活性剂相似,并且对土壤、淡水、海洋等生态系统毒性较低,因而在环境污染治理方面,特别是在重金属和石油等有机溶剂污染的原位和异位生物修复方面具有极大的应用潜力。主要综述了近年国内外生物表面活性剂在廉价制备、作用机理、环境修复中的研究进展。  相似文献   
122.
厌氧复合床处理抗生素废水技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对厌氧复合床处理抗生素废水技术进行了小试研究 (反应器体积 6 2L)和中试研究 (反应器体积 2 2m3 )以及生产性应用 (反应器体积 6 0 0m3 ) ,试验研究与生产性应用表明 ,厌氧复合床具有反应液传质和分离效果好、生物量大和生物种类多、处理效率高和运行稳定性强的特征 ,是实用高效的厌氧生物反应器。  相似文献   
123.
Abstract

In this study, The essential oil of flowers, fruits, and leaves of Thevetia peruviana, which were collected in Vietnam, were being reported for the first time. The essential oil of flowers was extracted by different methods: n-hexane extraction, distillation water, and supercritical CO2 extraction. The compositions of essential oil of different parts of Thevetia peruviana were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS systems. Major chemical compositions of essential oil were identified as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, terpenoids, and sterol. The activities of total essential oil extracts of the Thevetia peruviana exhibit inhibitory activities against five cancer cell lines.  相似文献   
124.
Graphene is a two-dimensional material that can be folded into diverse and yet interesting nanostructures like macro-scale paper origami.Folding of graphene not only makes different morphological configurations but also modifies their mechanical and thermal properties. Inspired by paper origami, herein we studied systemically the effects of creases, where sp2 to sp3 bond transformation occurs, on the thermal properties of graphene origami using molecular dynamics(MD) simula...  相似文献   
125.
Fu J  Mai B  Sheng G  Zhang G  Wang X  Peng P  Xiao X  Ran R  Cheng F  Peng X  Wang Z  Tang UW 《Chemosphere》2003,52(9):1411-1422
In the Pearl River Delta of China, the rapidly developing industrial and agricultural activities, municipal development and use of chemicals caused serious environmental problems. This report summarizes the published scientific data on POPs in the environment of the Pearl River Delta, including the levels of POPs in the air, water, soil, river and estuarine sediments, the marine organisms like fish and shellfish in this region. The data preliminarily reveal the state of contamination in this region and give insight into the fate of POPs in this sub-tropical area. However, most research in this area is limited to a few kinds of POP compounds.  相似文献   
126.
Twenty-one-paired human fetal and maternal serum and 27 breast milk samples at South China were analyzed for concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Seven PBDE congeners (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -183) were quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This is the first report to present the residue levels of PBDEs in human samples of China. The concentrations of total PBDEs ranged from 1.5 to 17 ng/g in the samples and were within the range reported in European samples for a similar population, but lower than human tissue levels in North America. BDE-47 and -153 were the dominant PBDE congeners in all samples and accounted for 60% of the total PBDEs. Further research is needed to determine the exposure route of PBDEs and their health effects.  相似文献   
127.
Economic regulations on recycling and respective waste disposal legislation will increasingly demand the realization of new waste management concepts. They do not stem from a ministerial goal in itself, but instead offen the enterprizes a chance to develop their own waste disposal strategies with a goal toward the future. In the course of an Intra-company analysis, this waste disposal concept must take the operative organization, the relevant processes and manufacturing techniques, the accumulation of waste in the cost centers as well as the waste disposal and utilization into consideration. Fundamental principles include the environmental regulations applicable to the enterprize in the form of both federal decress and injunctions. An environmental examination report demonstrates the methodical possiblities for stock-taking and makes it possible to identify the measures necessary for improving the operational waste disposal situation. The mandatory data acquisition and a feasible waste monitoring network can be used in the course of environmental management system for making an expert opinion by an independent, reputable environmental verifier.  相似文献   
128.
沸石吸附去除城市污水厂初沉池出水中氨氮的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
直接向城市污水初沉池出水中投加沸石 ,利用沸石对氨氮的选择性交换去除其中的氨氮 ,并辅以实验室配制液作为对比。研究结果表明 :( 1)沸石对初沉池出水中的氨氮具有很强的选择性 ;( 2 )与实验室配制液相比 ,在城市污水初沉池出水中沸石的交换容量受其他离子和有机物的影响而有所下降 ,但下降并不明显 ;( 3 )沸石对初沉池出水中的COD也有一定的去除效果  相似文献   
129.
The spatial distribution, composition, and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and suspended particulate matter (SPM) from the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent coastal areas were examined. Total PAH concentrations varied from 189 to 637 ng/g in sediments and 422 to 1,850 ng/g in SPM. PAHs were dominated by 5,6-ring compounds in sediments and by 2,3-ring compounds in SPM samples. Assessment of PAH sources suggested that biomass and coal combustion is the major PAH source to the outer part of the estuary sediments and that petroleum combustion is the major PAH source to the inner part of estuary sediments. As for SPM samples, PAH isomer pair ratios indicated multiple (petroleum, petroleum combustion, and biomass and coal combustion) PAH sources, and significant temporal variations could exist for the sources of water column PAHs in the study area. The distribution of perylene in SPM samples indicated that the river was the dominant source of perylene in SPM and that perylene could be taken as an index to assess the contribution of river inflow to the total PAHs in SPM samples. The high concentration of perylene in the sediment was indicative of an in situ biogenic origin.  相似文献   
130.
Wastewater has proved to be a significant source of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the environment. Seventeen congeners from tri- to deca-BDEs were determined to characterize the occurrence, fate, and transport of PBDEs in two sewage treatment plants in the Pearl River Delta, South China. The PBDE concentrations varied substantially from 13.3 to 2496.4 ng L(-1) in the raw wastewater, depending on the wastewater types and contents of the suspended particulate matter (SPM). The concentrations declined to 0.9 to 4.4 ng L(-1) in the treated effluent and were closely associated with SPM contents. BDE-209 was the predominant congener in the wastewater and sewage sludge. Most of PBDEs might have ended up in the sewage sludge, with <4.7% being discharged with the treated effluent. The results revealed that PBDEs were not significantly degraded by biological treatment and chlorination in the STPs. An annual release of PBDEs was estimated at 2280 kg/year through wastewater from the Pearl River Delta.  相似文献   
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