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121.
122.
The EU vision of sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry and management of natural resources contributes to the balanced exploitation of the environment, taking into account rural development strategy. Whilst the EU directs activities through legislative tools, national systems of public administration are responsible for the implementation of the respective laws. Despite there not being acquis communautaire in public administration, non-formal cooperation has nevertheless emerged and systems of national public administration have to meet EU criteria and ensure the effective implementation of legislation. The paper presents an analysis of how Slovak state administration has converged with EU requirements in the field of sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry and natural resources. Administrative convergence is considered through the internal convergence represented by capacities without legal subjectivity, and through external convergence represented by legal and administrative subjectivity. Both approaches are observed at the central level within specialized public authorities. Local state administration is characterized by the creation of internal administrative capacities with the challenging delimitation of which competences are affected by the process of administrative convergence. 相似文献
123.
Vladimír Bencko Ji?í Rame? Eleonora Fabiánová Ji?í Pe?ek Marián Jakubis 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):239-243
The subject of the study was the ecological and human health consequences of environmental pollution from emissions arising
from burning local coal with an arsenic content ranging from 900 to 1,500 g/tonne of dry substance. The first indication of
environmental pollution by arsenic-containing emissions was the mass extinction of honeybee colonies. The neurotoxic and carcinogenic
aspects of arsenic exposure were followed. On using a group diagnostics approach, significant hearing losses were detected
in exposed children in both air and bone conduction audiometry at high frequency range (4,000 and 8,000 Hz, respectively).
Exposure assessment of the local population of the Prievidza district, Central Slovakia, was based on biological monitoring.
The criterion of higher exposure was arsenic content in hair exceeding concentrations of 3 μg/g of hair. In a 7.5-km radius
of the exposed region, live about two-tenths of the district population who were considered as “exposed” and rest of the district
served as the “reference” population. The subject of our analysis was a database of 1,503 non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
cases (756 in men and 747 in women) collected from 1977 to 1996 in the Prievidza district, Central Slovakia (population ~125,000).
The age standardized incidence of NMSC (each confirmed by histological examination) in non-occupational settings ranged from
45.9 to 93.9 in men and from 34.6 to 81.4 in women. Analysis of our data demonstrates a positive correlation between human
cumulative exposure to arsenic and incidence of NMSC. 相似文献
124.
125.
Pérez-Sirvent Carmen Martínez-Martínez Lucia Belén Martínez-Lopez Salvadora Hernández-Perez Carmen García-Lorenzo Mari Luz Bech Jaume Martínez-Sánchez María José 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(2):447-463
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study discusses an estimate of the risk associated with the intake of soil contaminated by lead, based on the nature of the source, through a detailed... 相似文献
126.
The movement and degradation of pesticide residues in soils and groundwater are complex processes affected by soil physical, (bio)chemical, and hydrogeological properties, climatic conditions, and agricultural practices. This work presents a physically-based analytical model suitable for long-term predictions of pesticide concentrations in groundwater. The primary interest is to investigate the impact of soil environment, related physical and (bio)chemical processes, especially, volatilization, crop uptake, and agricultural practices on long-term vulnerability of groundwater to contamination by pesticides. The soil is separated into root and intermediate vadose zones, each with uniform properties. Transport in each soil zone is modeled on the basis of complete mixing, by spatial averaging the related point multiphase-transport partial differential equation (i.e., linear-reservoir models). Transport in the aquifer, however, is modeled by a two-dimensional advection-dispersion transport equation, considering adsorption and first-order decay rate. Vaporization in the soil is accounted for by assuming liquid-vapor phase partitioning using Henry's law, and vapor flux (volatilization) from the soil surface is modeled by diffusion through an air boundary layer. Sorption of liquid-phase solutes by crops is described by a linear relationship which is valid for first-order (passive) crop uptake. The model is applied to five pesticides (atrazine, bromacil, chlordane, heptachlor, and lindane), and the potential for pesticide contamination of groundwater is investigated for sandy and clayey soils. Simulation results show that groundwater contamination can be substantially reduced for clayey soil environments, where bio(chemical) degradation and volatilization are most efficient as natural loss pathways for the pesticides. Also, uptake by cross can be a significant mechanism for attenuating exposure levels in ground-water especially in a sandy soil environment, and for relatively persisting pesticides. Further, simulations indicate that changing agricultural practices can have a profound effect on vulnerability of groundwater to mobile and relatively persisting pesticides. 相似文献
127.
Ellingsen DG Dubeikovskaya L Dahl K Chashchin M Chashchin V Zibarev E Thomassen Y 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(10):1078-1086
In a cross-sectional study, 96 welders were compared with 96 control subjects. Also 27 former welders, all diagnosed as having manganism, were examined. Exposure to welding fumes was determined in the 96 welders, while the concentration of elements in whole blood and urine was determined in all subjects. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of manganese (Mn) and iron in the workroom air were 97 microg m(-3) (range 3-4620 microg m(-3); n=188) and 894 microg m(-3) (range 106-20 300 microg m(-3); n=188), respectively. Thus the Mn concentration in the workroom air was on average 10.6% (GM) of that of the Fe concentration. No substantial difference was observed in the air Mn concentrations when welding mild steel as compared to welding stainless steel. The arithmetic mean (AM) concentration of Mn in whole blood (B-Mn) was about 25% higher in the welders compared to the controls (8.6 vs. 6.9 microg l(-1); p < 0.001), while the difference in the urinary Mn concentrations did not attain statistical significance. A Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.31 (p < 0.01) was calculated between B-Mn and Mn in the workroom air that was collected the day before blood sampling. Although the exposure to welding fumes in the patients had ceased on average 5.8 years prior to the study (range 4 years-7 years), their AM B-Mn concentration was still higher than in referents of similar age (8.7 microg l(-1) vs. 7.0 microg l(-1)). However, their urinary concentrations of cobolt, iron and Mn were all statistically significantly lower. 相似文献
128.
Line Dahl Jeppesen Dorte Launholt Lildballe Lotte Hatt Jakob Hedegaard Ripudaman Singh Christian Liebst Frisk Toft Palle Schelde Anders Sune Pedersen Michael Knudsen Ida Vogel 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(1):3-13
Objectives
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common severe autosomal recessive disorders. Prenatal or preconception CF screening is offered in some countries. A maternal blood sample in early pregnancy can provide circulating trophoblasts and offers a DNA source for genetic analysis of both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to develop a cell-based noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) to screen for the 50 most common CF variants.Methods
Blood samples were collected from 30 pregnancies undergoing invasive diagnostics and circulating trophoblasts were harvested in 27. Cystic fibrosis testing was conducted using two different methods: by fragment length analysis and by our newly developed NGS-based CF analysis.Results
In all 27 cases, cell-based NIPT provided a result using both methods in agreement with the invasive test result.Conclusion
This study shows that cell-based NIPT for CF screening provides a reliable result without the need for partner- and proband samples. 相似文献129.
Kuronen Mikko Särkkä Aila Vihola Matti Myllymäki Mari 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2022,29(1):185-205
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - We propose a hierarchical log Gaussian Cox process (LGCP) for point patterns, where a set of points $$\varvec{x}$$ affects another set of points... 相似文献