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61.
Iqbal Ahmed Khan Zulquernain Mallick 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):127-136
This paper presents a study in which the main objective was to investigate the combined effect of noise and vibration on the performance of a readability task in a mobile driving environment. Subjects performed a readability task on a laptop computer in a sitting posture with their backs supported with a backrest under varying levels of noise and vibration. The data in terms of the mean number of characters read per minute were collected and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the individual effect of noise, vibration, and the operators’ gender as well as the interaction between gender and noise, and gender and vibration were statistically significant. However, the combined effect of noise and vibration was not found to be statistically significant. Results also indicated that gender was statistically significant at all levels of noise as well as vibration, and noise and vibration were statistically significant at both levels of gender. 相似文献
62.
Dzumbira Walter Ali Nisar Duanmu Chuansong Yang Yong Khan Adnan Ali Farman Bilal Muhammad Aleya Lotfi Iqbal Hafiz M. N. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(4):4822-4842
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a polymer hybrid family of compounds comprising metal ions that have been deliberately incorporated in... 相似文献
63.
Iqbal Aamir Jan M. Rasul Shah Jasmin Rashid Bahroz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(59):88763-88778
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Scarcity in mining and geo-political direction diverts attention toward critical metal recycling. Gallium (Ga), indium (In) and germanium (Ge) are... 相似文献
64.
Nawaz Haq Shah Mohibbullah Nishan Umar Iqbal Jibran Mannan Rabia 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(11):3548-3560
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs), extracted from Nelumbo nucifera rhizome flour (NNRF), were treated with microwave radiation to modify... 相似文献
65.
Muhammad I. Chughtai Uzma Maqbool Mazhar Iqbal Muhammad S. Shah Terence Fodey 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(12):871-879
This study was undertaken to develop and validate direct competitive ELISA for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in bovine milk. Antisera and an enzyme-tracer for chloramphenicol were prepared and used to develop an ELISA with inhibition concentrations, IC20 and IC50, of 0.09 and 0.44 ng mL?1, respectively. Milk samples were spiked with standards equivalent to 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 &; 1.5 ng mL?1 and extracted in methanol. The mean recoveries were found to be 73–100% with coefficient of variance 7–11%. The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were calculated as 0.10 and 0.12 ng mL?1, respectively. The results were found comparable with the commercial ELISA, having recoveries of 87 to 100%, CCα 0.09 ng mL?1 and CCβ 0.12 ng mL?1. As per Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, in-house ELISA was further validated by using LC-MS/MS. Mass spectral acquisition was done by using electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode applying single reaction monitoring of the diagnostic transition reaction for CAP (m/z 152, 194 and 257). The calibration curve showed good linearity in concentrations from 0.025 to 1.6 ng mL?1 with correction coefficient 0.9902. The mean recoveries were found to be 88 to 100%. The CCα was calculated as 0.057 ng mL?1 and CCβ 0.10 ng mL?1. Since CCα and CCβ are less than half of the MRPL (0.15 ng mL?1), the test was found suitable for screening and quantification of CAP residues in bovine milk samples. Results of surveillance studies indicated that out of 31 analyzed milk samples, 12.9% samples were found with CAP residues but only 3.2% samples were declared positive with maximum concentration 0.31 ng mL?1, slightly above the MRPL. 相似文献
66.
Nadeem Ali Khurram Shahzad Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid Heqing Shen Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim Ismail Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(23):18721-18741
This review summarizes the environmental occurrence of new brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organophosphate compounds (OPs) in the environment of developing countries since 2000. The ban on the production and use of commercial formulations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have paved the way for the high use of NBFRs and OPs in consumer products to fulfill the fire safety regulations. Recent studies have shown that the ever increasing production volumes and extensive use of these chemicals as additive FRs and plasticizers have resulted into their ubiquitous occurrence in all environmental compartments. Although presumed to be safe for use and the environment, recent studies on their occurrence and persistence in the environment have raised questions. Due to the lack of awareness, research interest, and availability of technical facilities, limited scientific data is available on the occurrence of these chemicals in developing countries. In this study, we collected reported data and provide an overview of environmental occurrence of NBFRs and OPs in abiotic and biotic matrices of different developing countries. Finally, research gaps were identified with recommendations for future research work and would be useful towards the environmental management of these toxic chemicals. 相似文献
67.
This study was carried out to find out the comparative distribution of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Cr, Cd and Pb) in various tissues (muscles, gills, liver, stomach and intestine) of Cyprinus carpio from Rawal Lake, Pakistan, during summer and winter. Relatively higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn were found in the stomach samples, while the highest Pb and Zn levels were noted in muscle and intestine samples, respectively. Correlation study exhibited diverse relationships among the metals in various tissues. Generally, the metal concentrations found during the summer were comparatively higher than the winter. Potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks related to the metals in C. carpio were evaluated using the US Environmental Protection Agency approved cancer risk assessment guidelines. The calculated daily and weekly intakes of Pb, Cd, Cr and Co through the fish consumption were significantly higher than the permissible limits. In relation to the non-carcinogenic risks to human, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co and Zn levels were higher than the safe limits; however, carcinogenic risks related to Cr (3.9?×?10?3 during summer and 1.1?×?10?3 during winter) and Pb (2.6?×?10?4 during summer and 1.5?×?10-4 during winter) clearly exceeded the safe limit (1?×?10?6). Consequently, the consumption of C. carpio from Rawal Lake on regular basis was considered unsafe. 相似文献
68.
Ahmad A Inam A Ahmad I Hayat S Azam ZM Samiullah 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2003,24(2):141-146
The crop of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) was grown at the agricultural farm of the Mathura Oil Refinery in a simple randomized block design. The experimental plots were irrigated with ground water (GW) or treated wastewater (TW) as and when required The plants gave better response to the latter than the former. The quantity of the required nutrients was comparatively more in TW than GW. The soil receiving wastewater did not show any significant change in its physico-chemical characteristics. The soil accumulated all the heavy metals but the plant samples receiving TW only exhibited the presence of Ni, Pb and Zn whose values are far below the permissible limits. 相似文献
69.
Ahmad I Siddiqui H Akhtar MJ Khan MI Patil G Ashquin M Patel DK Arif JM 《Chemosphere》2011,83(4):455-460
In this in vitro study we investigated the toxic responses in hepatocytes treated with occupational dust to which workers are exposed in bone-based industrial units. The present study investigated the toxicity mechanism of bone-based occupational dust, from a particular industrial unit, on isolated rat hepatocytes. The hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion method and cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay treated with occupational dust at 0.1-1.0 mgmL(-1), for 120 min. The cell viability decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Dust induced significant membrane damage measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione (GSH) release in culture media for 30-, 60- and 120 min treatment duration. The toxicity was found to be correlated with the induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO). In addition, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation by occupational dusts were also found to be time- and concentration-dependent. Over all the present study provides initial evidences for the toxic potential of occupational dust generated in bone-based industries and, therefore, the dust exposure to workers in unorganized industrial units should be controlled. 相似文献
70.
Asam Farid Khanzaib Jadoon Gulraiz Akhter Muhammad Asim Iqbal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2407-2422
Hydrostratigraphy and hydrogeology of the Maira vicinity is important for the characterization of aquifer system and developing numerical groundwater flow models to predict the future availability of the water resource. Conventionally, the aquifer parameters are obtained by the analysis of pumping tests data which provide limited spatial information and turn out to be costly and time consuming. Vertical electrical soundings and pump testing of boreholes were conducted to delineate the aquifer system at the western part of the Maira area, Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Pakistan. Aquifer lithology in the eastern part of the study area is dominated by coarse sand and gravel whereas the western part is characterized by fine sand. An attempt has been made to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer system by establishing a relationship between the pumping test results and vertical electrical soundings by using regression technique. The relationship is applied to the area along the resistivity profiles where boreholes are not drilled. Our findings show a good match between pumped hydraulic conductivity and estimated hydraulic conductivity. In case of sparse borehole data, regression technique is useful in estimating hydraulic properties for aquifers with varying lithology. 相似文献