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排序方式: 共有224条查询结果,搜索用时 274 毫秒
91.
采用离线分析法和在线分析法同步监测了武汉市PM_(2.5)中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和总碳(TC)的浓度,分析了2种方法的差别。结果表明,离线分析法与在线分析法对TC的测定结果具有很好的可比性,2种方法对TC的测定结果显著相关(r=0.970 9)。离线分析法得到的OC浓度普遍高于在线分析法,前者为后者的1.12倍,造成OC结果差异的主要原因可能是采样系统的差异。2种方法对EC测定的相关性较低(r=0.763 0),且2种方法对EC测定的精密度(相对偏差为13.14%)也不如其对TC和OC测定的精密度(相对偏差分别为3.42%和5.95%),造成EC结果差异的原因较复杂。离线分析法测得的OC/EC值明显高于在线分析法,鉴于OC/EC值在颗粒物源解析研究中具有重要意义,需要规范OC/EC分析方法。 相似文献
92.
Ibáñez SG Sosa Alderete LG Medina MI Agostini E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1555-1562
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is a legume species with an extensive agricultural use. However, the phytoremediation potentiality of this species has not been sufficiently explored because little is known about its resistance to inorganic and organic pollutants. In the present work, phenol tolerance of common vetch was assayed at different stages of growth. Germination index and germination rate decreased only at high phenol concentrations (250 and 500 mg L(-1)), whereas 30-day-old plants were able to tolerate this pollutant, with high removal efficiencies. The activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase, increased significantly with the highest phenol concentration, whereas superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde, and H(2)O(2) levels remained unaltered. Besides, an increase in two basic isoforms of POD was observed in plants treated with phenol. The results suggested that common vetch has an efficient protection mechanism against phenol-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, it could tolerate and remove high phenol concentrations, avoiding serious phytotoxic effects. Thus, V. sativa could be considered an interesting tool in the field of phytoremediation. 相似文献
93.
Andrés García María Luisa Sámano José A. Juanes Raúl Medina José A. Revilla César Álvarez 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(10):1413-263
In the last years several episodes of algae appearance affecting bathing areas have been observed in San Lorenzo Bay (north of Spain). The analysis of the collected algae revealed that they might come from near intertidal or shallow subtidal zones due to eutrophication processes or through drift algae movement by the action of marine currents. In the vicinity of this area, the expansion of the Port of Gijón (now under construction) supposes a significant modification of the coastal geometry. The magnitude of such an expansion could cause changes in the patterns of currents in the bay, with the consequent alteration of the observed algal appearance phenomena. A mathematical modelling study to evaluate the risk of generation of eutrophication processes in the San Lorenzo Bay area and the transport of drift algae from near sea bed areas was developed. This study required the use of different hydrodynamic models in order to characterize the currents caused by tides, winds and waves. The eutrophication processes in the bay were analyzed with a depth-averaged two-dimensional eutrophication model which deals with eight water quality variables. Calibration of model parameters with the observed data from a field survey was performed. A reasonable agreement with the field measurements was achieved. Model results showed that the maximum phytoplankton concentrations were below eutrophic conditions. Although, the port expansion has led to an increment of phytoplankton concentrations, chlorophyll a levels were not representative of eutrophic conditions. To analyse the transport of drift algae, a methodology based on the utilization of a two-dimensional model which solves the depth-averaged advection-diffusion equation considering seaweed as a conservative tracer was developed and applied. Numerical modelling allowed the identification of the coastal areas that seems to be the source of the seaweed found on the beach. It was also proven that port expansion does not significantly affect drift algae transport in the area. 相似文献
94.
Coastal development along the Mediterranean coast needs to be tackled with an integrated approach, in order to safeguard people
and properties from extreme events, maintain environmental flows and ecosystems functions, protect coastal landscapes and
ensure public accessibility to the shore. The complexity of the Mediterranean countries legal and administrative framework
and its morphological heterogeneity make the implementation of new the Protocol on ICZM provisions on coastal setbacks,—claiming
for a 100 m wide buffer zone where construction is not allowed— a challenge for the success of the initiative. European countries
and the European Commission are party to the protocol but the European legal framework lacks of specific provisions addressing
the definition of coastal setbacks. Moreover, climate change, in terms of sea level rise and maritime climate, could play
a major role in the future position of setback lines. While arbitrary setbacks should be put in place to halt short-term unwise
coastal development, science can improve the identification of coastal setbacks by providing integrated methodologies to be
implemented at the local level. The objective of this paper is to review concepts and practices in the use of coastal setbacks,
in the context of the provisions of the ICZM protocol and taking into account new challenges posed by climate change. A stepwise
route map is proposed as a base to identify coastal setbacks, applicable to the Mediterranean region and elsewhere, to be
used as a base to improve arbitrary setback approaches. 相似文献
95.
Coastal development along the Mediterranean coast needs to be tackled with an integrated approach, in order to safeguard people
and properties from extreme events, maintain environmental flows and ecosystems functions, protect coastal landscapes and
ensure public accessibility to the shore. The complexity of the Mediterranean countries legal and administrative framework
and its morphological heterogeneity make the implementation of new the Protocol on ICZM provisions on coastal setbacks,—claiming
for a 100 m wide buffer zone where construction is not allowed— a challenge for the success of the initiative. European countries
and the European Commission are party to the protocol but the European legal framework lacks of specific provisions addressing
the definition of coastal setbacks. Moreover, climate change, in terms of sea level rise and maritime climate, could play
a major role in the future position of setback lines. While arbitrary setbacks should be put in place to halt short-term unwise
coastal development, science can improve the identification of coastal setbacks by providing integrated methodologies to be
implemented at the local level. The objective of this paper is to review concepts and practices in the use of coastal setbacks,
in the context of the provisions of the ICZM protocol and taking into account new challenges posed by climate change. A stepwise
route map is proposed as a base to identify coastal setbacks, applicable to the Mediterranean region and elsewhere, to be
used as a base to improve arbitrary setback approaches. 相似文献
96.
Héctor Medina Josep Arnaldos Joaquim Casal Sarah Bonvicini Valerio Cozzani 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(3):489-493
Crude oil and other liquid materials are transported in large quantities through pipelines. Pipelines are an efficient and safe transport way as compared to both rail and road transportation, both from the economical and environmental points of view. Nevertheless, loss of containment accidents can occur due to external action –a mechanical impact, for example– or to corrosion, aging, etc. Even though the frequency of such events is certainly very low, the effects and consequences on environment can be very important.The consequences of accidents in pipelines can be efficiently reduced through a suitable design of the whole system. One of the points which must be decided in the design is the installation of blocking valves at appropriate distances, so that emergency shutdowns can interrupt the flow of substance and isolate the section where the loss of containment has taken place. In the case of pipe rupture the amount released is therefore limited to the content between two consecutive valves, usually placed according to heuristic criteria. However, if too many valves are used, the capital cost of equipment increases excessively, and if too few are used, the risk of serious accidents increases.In this paper we consider the possibility of improving the design of such systems by applying risk-based optimization criteria. We propose an optimization methodology to solve this conflict by means of an objective function that analyzes the variations in overall costs, including the cost of the investment (with specific reference to blocking valves) and the cost of accidents. The result is an optimum situation in which costs are kept to a minimum. As an example, we apply the methodology to the transportation of gasoline by pipeline. 相似文献
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100.
Ana L. Armendariz Melina A. Talano Ana L. Wevar Oller María I. Medin Elizabeth Agostini 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(7):203-210
Bacterial ability to colonize the rhizosphere of plants in arsenic (As) contaminated soils is highly important for symbiotic and free-living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) used as inoculants, since they can contribute to enhance plant As tolerance and limit metalloid uptake by plants. The aim of this work was to study the effect of As on growth, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, biofilm formation and motility of two strains used as soybean inoculants, Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 and Azospirillum brasilense Az39. The metabolism of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) and their removal and/or possible accumulation were also evaluated. The behavior of both bacteria under As treatment was compared and discussed in relation to their potential for colonizing plant rhizosphere with high content of the metalloid. B. japonicum E109 growth was reduced with As(III) concentration from 10 μM while A. brasilense Az39 showed a reduction of growth with As(III) from 500 μM. EPS and biofilm production increased significantly under 25 μM As(III) for both strains. Moreover, this was more notorious for Azospirillum under 500 μM As(III), where motility was seriously affected. Both bacterial strains showed a similar ability to reduce As(V). However, Azospirillum was able to oxidize more As(III) (around 53%) than Bradyrhizobium (17%). In addition, both strains accumulated As in cell biomass. The behavior of Azospirillum under As treatments suggests that this strain would be able to colonize efficiently As contaminated soils. In this way, inoculation with A. brasilense Az39 would positively contribute to promoting growth of different plant species under As treatment. 相似文献