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排序方式: 共有402条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
91.
Christophe Guimbau Cécile Noel Michel Chartier Valéry Catoire Michaela Blessing Jean Christophe Gourry Claude Robert 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(2):60-74
Real-time methods to monitor stable isotope ratios of CO_2 are needed to identify biogeochemical origins of CO_2 emissions from the soil–air interface. An isotope ratio infra-red spectrometer(IRIS) has been developed to measure CO_2 mixing ratio with δ~13C isotopic signature, in addition to mixing ratios of other greenhouse gases(CH_4, N2_O). The original aspects of the instrument as well as its precision and accuracy for the determination of the isotopic signature δ~13C of CO_2 are discussed. A first application to biodegradation of hydrocarbons is presented, tested on a hydrocarbon contaminated site under aerobic bio-treatment. CO_2 flux measurements using closed chamber method is combined with the determination of the isotopic signature δ~13C of the CO_2 emission to propose a non-intrusive method to monitor in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbons. In the contaminated area, high CO_2 emissions have been measured with an isotopic signature δ~13C suggesting that CO_2 comes from petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation.This first field implementation shows that rapid and accurate measurement of isotopic signature of CO_2 emissions is particularly useful in assessing the contribution of contaminant degradation to the measured CO_2 efflux and is promising as a monitoring tool for aerobic bio-treatment. 相似文献
92.
Metal and metalloid removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of plants and standardized measurements: A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. Marchand M. Mench M.L. Otte 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(12):3447-3461
This review integrates knowledge on the removal of metals and metalloids from contaminated waters in constructed wetlands and offers insight into future R&D priorities. Metal removal processes in wetlands are described. Based on 21 papers, the roles and impacts on efficiency of plants in constructed wetlands are discussed. The effects of plant ecotypes and class (monocots, dicots) and of system size on metal removal are addressed. Metal removal rates in wetlands depend on the type of element (Hg > Mn > Fe = Cd > Pb = Cr > Zn = Cu > Al > Ni > As), their ionic forms, substrate conditions, season, and plant species. Standardized procedures and data are lacking for efficiently comparing properties of plants and substrates. We propose a new index, the relative treatment efficiency index (RTEI), to quantify treatment impacts on metal removal in constructed wetlands. Further research is needed on key components, such as effects of differences in plant ecotypes and microbial communities, in order to enhance metal removal efficiency. 相似文献
93.
Valérie Guillet Céline Fave Michel Montury 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):415-422
A new analytical method using focused microwave-assisted extraction (FMAE), coupled with solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), has been elaborated to determine 25 pesticides used in tomato cultivation. Microwave energy was used for a fast and controlled heating of solvent to selectively extract compounds. Calibration curves were plotted from blank tomato samples spiked at different concentrations with standards. A linear response was obtained between 10 and 1000 μ g/Kg for pyrethroids and between 0.1 and 5000 μ g/Kg for other compounds. For all studied substances, the resulting correlation coefficient (r2) was greater than 0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were measured lower than 8 and 25 μ g/Kg, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was determined below 15% for all pesticides. Field incurred tomato samples were used to validate the new FMAE/SPME method. Observed analysis results by using this technique were in good agreement compared to those obtained by two accredited trading laboratories using traditional methods. Four tomato samples, bought in a local market, were also tested with the FMAE/SPME method. 相似文献
94.
Anne-Catherine Bénard Vincent Darcos Christian Drakides Claude Casellas Jean Coudane Michel Vert 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):40-48
Water-soluble synthetic polymers are extensively used in cosmetics, detergents and paints. Many end up in wastewater and,
later on, in wastewater-treatment plants. In order to gain an insight into their fate in such plants, fluorescence and radioactivity
labelings were compared using a lab-scale reactor designed to mimic industrial conditions. Two fermentation media were considered,
namely a mixture of E402 and E204 micro-organisms and an activated sludge collected from a water-treatment plant located in
the south of France. A sample of low molar mass commercial poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was labeled by radioactivity with tritium
and by coupling the 6-aminofluorescein fluorescent dye. Labeled PAA-containing sludges were allowed to ferment. To monitor
the fate of the polymers, aliquots of the fermented mixtures were withdrawn at selected times and centrifuged. Liquid and
solid phases were analyzed by scintigraphy or UV spectrometry, depending of the labeling techniques. Both techniques led to
similar distributions, c.a. 75% in the supernatant and 25% in the solid phase. Distributions remained constant during the
biological tests. There was no degradation of the commercial PAA after aqueous size exclusion chromatography (SEC), in agreement
with literature. These features showed that fluorescence-labeling can be used instead of the complex and expensive radiolabeling.
The validated fluorescence-based method was then applied to a linear poly(acrylic acid) synthesized by ATRP and labeled with
6-aminofluorescein. There was no significant difference between the commercial and the linear poly(acrylic acid)s. In contrast,
a linear PAA with 5% of tert-butyl ester repeating units was predominantly found in the solid phase although adsorption or absorption by micro-organisms
could not be demonstrated. The method based on fluorescence labeling should be applicable to other water soluble polymers
provided that the dye remains attached to the polymer as it was the case for the studied poly(acrylic acid)s. 相似文献
95.
Directeur Gé né ral 《生态毒理学报》2001,23(1):38-42
布宜诺斯艾利斯市的增长伴随着环境的逐渐恶化,其中包括水流的质量 .随着情况的全面恶化, 1993年政府将饮用水厂进行了为期 30年的私有化,并在布宜诺斯艾利斯市及其 17个郊区社区进行净化处理 .阿瓜斯阿根廷斯 (Aguas Agentinas)的用水操作者是里昂水业集团,为了响应当局的要求,提出并着手进行净化处理的新指导模式,这有助于解决该承包区目前的环境问题 . 相似文献
96.
Jonathan D. Byer Michel Lebeuf Mehran Alaee Brown R. Stephen Steve Trottier Sean Backus Michael Keir Catherine M. Couillard John Casselman Peter V. Hodson 《Chemosphere》2013,90(5):1719-1728
The bioaccumulation of lipophilic contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) can result in a reduction in fitness and spawner quality in eels and may be a factor in Anguillid sp. population declines. Contaminant concentrations in eels have been studied extensively in Europe, but data for American eels are severely lacking. Concentrations of PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs were determined in American eel from eastern Canada and New York, USA, along with European eel from Belgium. Principal component analysis revealed that eels captured in the St. Lawrence estuary were a mixture of upstream migrants from the St. Lawrence River watershed, and fish captured in local tributaries. Contaminant concentrations were dependent on origin, related to the local environment, and were lower than historic values. In Canada, concentrations of OCPs and PCBs in eel tissues were below the Canadian human consumption guidelines for contaminants in fish, indicating that the current risk to consumers is low. However, concentrations of PCBs, total DDT, and mirex in eels from L. Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence R. were above Great Lakes guidelines for the protection of piscivorous predators. Concentrations of penta-BDE homologs exceeded the Canadian guideline for environmental quality in over half of the eels in this study, but concentrations of the other homolog groups were below the guideline. 相似文献
97.
Michel C. Boufadel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(1):203-213
ABSTRACT: Twenty storm events were used to select design values of the HEC1 loss parameters STRTL and CNSTL in order to route the probable maximum flood, PMF, through the Englewood watershed, Ohio. The parameter STRTL represents the initial volume of water lost due to interception and incomplete saturation of the soil prior to the storm. The parameter CNSTL represents a continuous loss rate and depends only on the watershed. When optimized from each storm event, STRTL varied between 0.0 and 3.4 inches with an average of 1.0 inch; CNSTL varied between 0.02 and 0.26 inch/hour, and it followed a normal probability distribution with a mean of about 0.1 inch/hour. The absence of correlation between optimum CNSTL values and each of total rainfall, total loss, and runoff duration supported the selection of the mean CNSTL as a design value. PMF routing through the Englewood watershed revealed that the PMF at the outlet is not sensitive to STRTL, but highly affected by CNSTL variations. The insensitivity to STRTL was due to the presence of a dam at the outlet of the watershed that caused the buildup of water in the watershed, thereby masking the storage effect of STRTL. The peak PMF increased by about 27 percent when the design CNSTL was decreased to 0.05 inch! hour, and decreased by about 18 percent when the design CNSTL was increased to 0.15 inch/hour. 相似文献
98.
99.
Maurike de Groot-van der Mooren Gert de Graaf Michel E Weijerman Mariette J. V Hoffer Jeroen Knijnenburg Anne-Marie M. F van der Kevie-Kersemaekers Angelique J. A Kooper Els Voorhoeve Birgit Sikkema-Raddatz Laura J. C. M van Zutven Malgorzata Ilona Srebniak Karin Huijsdens-van Amsterdam John J. M Engelen Dominique Smeets Anton H van Kaam Martina C Cornel 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(10):1351-1359
100.
Flipo N Jeannée N Poulin M Even S Ledoux E 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(1):241-256
The objective of this work is to combine several approaches to better understand nitrate fate in the Grand Morin aquifers (2700 km(2)), part of the Seine basin. cawaqs results from the coupling of the hydrogeological model newsam with the hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model of river ProSe. cawaqs is coupled with the agronomic model Stics in order to simulate nitrate migration in basins. First, kriging provides a satisfactory representation of aquifer nitrate contamination from local observations, to set initial conditions for the physically based model. Then associated confidence intervals, derived from data using geostatistics, are used to validate cawaqs results. Results and evaluation obtained from the combination of these approaches are given (period 1977-1988). Then cawaqs is used to simulate nitrate fate for a 20-year period (1977-1996). The mean nitrate concentrations increase in aquifers is 0.09 mgN L(-1)yr(-1), resulting from an average infiltration flux of 3500 kgN.km(-2)yr(-1). 相似文献