EDTAD-modified cassava stalks loaded with Fe3O4: highly efficient removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a novel magnetic cassava stalk composite (M-EMCS) was prepared through modification with ethylenediamine tetraacetic anhydride (EDTAD)...     

清洁生产在开发区项目准入中的实例研究

本文根据区域清洁生产特点,结合佛山禅城高新技术开发区环境影响评价过程,探讨开发区层面上实施清洁生产战略在项目准入中的可行性,并进行实例应用研究.     

有机酸强化废大理石粉脱硫的传质研究

在双搅拌釜上进行了3种有机酸强化废大理石粉浆液脱硫的传质实验研究,测定了脱硫效率η、传质速率Nm、液膜传质系数KL、气相总传质系数KG和浆液pH值等随时间t的变化关系,结果表明己二酸强化可提高传质速率约35%,有效促进了CaCO3的溶解和缓冲pH值的下降.同时,考察了己二酸添加量的变化和气、液两相浓度的改变对传质的影响,结果表明己二酸添加浓度在10mmol/L时强化效果最好;进气SO2体积分率小于1000×10-6时为完全气膜控制;液相浓度的改变对气相总传质系数KG影响不大.     

城市污泥及其堆肥施用对通菜中有机污染物的累积效应

在水稻土上施用城市污泥及其堆肥盆栽通菜,应用GC／MS联机检测技术对植株中8类共44种有机污染物进行系统分析。结果表明,通菜中检出28种有机化合物,主要是邻苯二甲酸酯类、硝基苯类和多环芳烃类化合物。各类污染物均以个别或少数化合物为主,其它化合物的含量低得多或未检出。施用污泥的通菜中有机污染物的含量普遍较高,是空白对照的数倍至数10倍,而施用各种污泥堆肥的通菜中有机污染物的含量普遍较低,甚至低于空白对照,尤其是施用污泥加牛粪堆肥的通菜中仅检出1种化合物。因此,污泥直接施用可能导致作物中有机污染物的吸收累积,需经适当的堆肥处理后施用才较为安全。     

北京大气气溶胶中有机碳及可萃取有机卤素污染物

研究了2002年5月～2003年4月北京城区大气中PM2.5和PM10中有机碳(OC)及可萃取有机卤素污染物(EOX)的浓度.结果表明,PM10和PM2.5的年均值分别为172.8μg/m3和110.9μg/m3,分别是美国年均值标准(PM10, 50μg/m3; PM2.5, 15μg/m3)的3.5倍和7.4倍,说明污染相当严重;PM2.5与PM10中OC的月均浓度分别为9.1～33.9μg/m3和13.1～46.2μg/m3,冬季大气中OC的浓度最高,夏季最低; PM2.5中OC和EOX的百分含量高于PM10,细粒子更易于富集有机污染物; PM2.5和PM10中EOX的含量顺序为EOCl>> EOBr(EOI),约有73%～88%和69%～91%的EOX为EOCl,大气中的有机卤素污染物主要为有机氯污染物;PM2.5中OC与EOX的含量变化趋势一致,细颗粒物中OC对EOX的含量起到了控制作用,PM10中OC对EOX的含量影响有限.     

单甲脒等农药的土壤薄层层析行为

用土壤薄层层析法研究单甲脒，单甲脒盐酸盐、灭幼脲和涕灭威等农药在不同土壤中的迁移行为，分别获得了这几种化合物的Ｒｆ值，它们分别为０．１４、０．１７，０．０８，０．７６，研究表明，单脒，单甲脒盐酸盐和灭幼脲不会污染地下水，而涕灭威则会对地下水污染构成严重的威胁。     

Short-term responses of Oryzias latipes (Pisces: Adrianichthyidae) and Macrobrachium nipponense (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) to municipal and pharmaceutical waste water in Beijing, China: survival, behaviour, biochemical biomarkers

Whole effluent toxicity was assessed for the fish Oryzias latipes and the prawn Macrobrachium nipponense for 18 h in a dilution series (0-66%) of the inflow and effluent of a municipal waste water treatment plant as well as waste water from a teramycin producing pharmaceutical industry, before, during and after a pilot laboratory purification process. The waste waters caused acute toxicity as measured by inhibition of light emission in the luminiscent bacterium Vibrio qingaiensis sp. nov. (Q67). EROD and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in in vitro carp liver-cells showed a dose-dependent toxic response to the municipal waste water. Behavioural responses and time-to-death of fish and prawn, recorded online with the "Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor" proved to be concentration- and time-dependent sensitive toxicity indicators in both types of waste water. Behaviour changed stepwise from normal activity to (increased or decreased) activity to more time spent on ventilation and finally to increased morbidity at higher concentration and time of exposure. The municipal waste water treatment plant managed to reduce toxicity to bacteria (Q67), prawn and fish. The pharmaceutical waste water treatment process still has to be improved, in order to reduce toxicity for fish and prawn.     

DDT污染土壤的植物修复技术

本文报道用植草方法研究为DDT及其主要降解产物污染土壤的植物修复技术。在污染物的浓度为 0 .2 15mg/kg的土壤中 ,种植 10种草 3个月后DDT及其主要降解产物的总含量分别降低 19.6 %— 73.0 %。种植不同品种的草对土壤中污染物有不同的去除能力 ,其中以种植丹麦产的Taya草 (Per .ryegrass)与美国产的Titan草 (Tallfescue)为最强。用种植草的方法修复受DDT及其主要降解产物污染的土壤是一项可行的技术。在去除土壤中DDT的作用上 ,草的吸收是轻微的 ,只占原施药量的 0 .13%— 1.0 8% ,土壤中污染物消失的主要因素是土壤中生物降解作用的结果。     

Enhanced anaerobic biodegradability and inactivation of fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. in wastewater sludge by using microwaves.

During continuous operation of three mesophilic-anaerobic digesters, the effect of microwave irradiation, as sludge thermal pretreatment (60 to 65 degrees C), was studied. The fecal coliforms log inactivation for microwaved/digested sludge was 4.2 +/- 0.4, whereas for conventionally heated/digested sludge and control were 2.9 +/- 0.5 and 1.5 +/- 0.5, respectively. In the case of Salmonella spp., no colonies were detected in 85% of the microwaved/digested samples. Considering the detection limit, the log inactivation of these samples was greater than 2.0 +/- 0.3. The conventionally heated/digested sludge and control showed log inactivations of 1.9 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.3, respectively. At the 95% confidence level, microwaved/digested sludge increased the biogas production by 16.4 +/- 5.6% and 6.3 +/- 2.4%, as compared to control and conventionally heated/digested sludge, respectively. When thermally treated sludge was analyzed for soluble chemical oxygen demand, microwaved waste-activated sludge showed considerable solubilization between 37 and 60 degrees C. Microwaved/digested sludge showed a reduction of capillary suction times by 11.1 +/- 5.9% and 10.7 +/- 5.6%, as compared to control and conventionally heated/digested sludge, respectively.