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11.
Taslim Akhtar Muhammad Ilyas Tariq Nargis Sultana Chan Kim Wei 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(6):569-574
Biodiesel is now-a-days recognized as a real potential alternative to petroleum-derived diesel fuel due to its number of desirable characteristics. However, its higher production cost resulting mainly due to use of costly food-grade vegetable oils as raw materials is the major barrier to its economic viability. Present work is an attempt to explore the potential of Eriobotrya japonica seed oil for the synthesis of biodiesel using alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Optimization of production parameters, namely molar ratio of alcohol to oil, amount of catalyst, reaction time and temperature, was carried out using Taguchi method. Fatty acid composition of both oil and biodiesel was determined using GC and H1 NMR. Alcohol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, catalyst amount of 1% wt/wt, 2 h reaction time and 50 °C reaction temperature were found to be the optimum conditions for obtaining 94.52% biodiesel. Highest % contribution was shown by the ‘amount of catalyst’ (67.32%) followed by molar ratio of alcohol to oil (25.51%). Major fuel properties of E. japonica methyl esters produced under optimum conditions were found within the specified limits of ASTM D6751 for biodiesel, hence it may be considered a prospective substitute of petro-diesel. 相似文献
12.
Jitendra Kumar Najam A. Shakil Manish K. Singh Pankaj Mukesh K. Singh Alka Pandey 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):310-314
Controlled release (CR) formulations of azadirachtin-A, a bioactive constituent derived from the seed of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), have been prepared using commercially available polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and laboratory synthesized poly ethylene glycol–based amphiphilic copolymers. Copolymers of polyethylene glycol and various dimethyl esters, which self assemble into nano micellar aggregates in aqueous media, have been synthesized. The kinetics of azadirachtin-A, release in water from the different formulations was studied. Release from the commercial polyethylene glycol (PEG) formulation was faster than the other CR formulations. The rate of release of encapsulated azadirachtin-A from nano micellar aggregates is reduced by increasing the molecular weight of PEG. The diffusion exponent (n value) of azadirachtin-A, in water ranged from 0.47 to 1.18 in the tested formulations. The release was diffusion controlled with a half release time (t1/2) of 3.05 to 42.80 days in water from different matrices. The results suggest that depending upon the polymer matrix used, the application rate of azadirachtin-A can be optimized to achieve insect control at the desired level and period. 相似文献
13.
Pankaj Shakil NA Kumar J Singh MK Singh K 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(6):520-528
In the present investigation, the bioefficacy of developed carbofuran formulations, with PEG-600 (7a, CP1) & PEG-900 (7b, CP2) @ 5, 10 and 20 ppm, along with commercial formulation of carbofuran 3G (CP0) were evaluated against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato (cv. Pusa Ruby) in pot and field conditions. The bioefficacy data indicated that the formulations developed by utilizing polymers having PEG - 900 (7b) as hydrophilic segment were effective even at 14 days post inoculation (dpi) as evident from shoot and root length. Also, the reduction in penetration was found to be maximum with CP2 (3.6 - 4.6 J2s) at all concentrations compared to CP1 (6.6-16.4 J2s) and CP0 (29.3-32.6 J2s). Overall, CP2 was more effective in reducing the number of nematodes up to 14 days, compared to CP1 and CP0. Both the CR formulations (CP1 and CP2) in general significantly reduced the number of galls, when compared to CP0. However, under field conditions, lower concentrations (5, and 10 ppm) of CP2, were less effective in controlling the gall formation whereas, CP2 at 20 ppm, was most effective than other treatments. The study revealed that the developed CR formulations of carbofuran have the potential for effective management of M. incognita in tomato under field conditions. 相似文献
14.
Tasneem Gul Kazi Sadaf Sadia Arain Hassan Imran Afridi Naeemullah Kapil Dev Brahman Nida Fatima Kolachi Moina Akhtar Mughal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):5199-5208
The extent to which smokeless tobacco endangers human health is an ongoing subject of debate. In this study, concentrations of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni), were measured in different snuff products (dry brown and black and moist green and brown), available and consumed in Pakistan. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Ni were determined in 23 samples of various brands of snuff by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The reliability of methodology was assured by analyzing certified reference material. The resulted data of toxic metals in different snuff products are comparable to the existing information with limited exceptions. It was estimated that 10 g intake of different types of snuff could contribute 14–68, 17–47, and 20–73 % of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for Cd, Ni, and Pb, respectively. 相似文献
15.
Morphometry and land cover based multi-criteria analysis for assessing the soil erosion susceptibility of the western Himalayan watershed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sadaff Altaf Gowhar Meraj Shakil Ahmad Romshoo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8391-8412
Complex mountainous environments such as Himalayas are highly susceptibility to natural hazards particular those that are triggered by the action of water such as floods, soil erosion, mass movements and siltation of the hydro-electric power dams. Among all the natural hazards, soil erosion is the most implicit and the devastating hazard affecting the life and property of the millions of people living in these regions. Hence to review and devise strategies to reduce the adverse impacts of soil erosion is of utmost importance to the planners of watershed management programs in these regions. This paper demonstrates the use of satellite based remote sensing data coupled with the observational field data in a multi-criteria analytical (MCA) framework to estimate the soil erosion susceptibility of the sub-watersheds of the Rembiara basin falling in the western Himalaya, using geographical information system (GIS). In this paper, watershed morphometry and land cover are used as an inputs to the MCA framework to prioritize the sub-watersheds of this basin on the basis of their different susceptibilities to soil erosion. Methodology included the derivation of a set of drainage and land cover parameters that act as the indicators of erosion susceptibility. Further the output from the MCA resulted in the categorization of the sub-watersheds into low, medium, high and very high erosion susceptibility classes. A detailed prioritization map for the susceptible sub-watersheds based on the combined role of land cover and morphometry is finally presented. Besides, maps identifying the susceptible sub-watersheds based on morphometry and land cover only are also presented. The results of this study are part of the watershed management program in the study area and are directed to instigate appropriate measures to alleviate the soil erosion in the study area. 相似文献
16.
M H Akhtar C Danis H L Trenholm K E Hartin 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1992,27(3):235-253
Lactating dairy cows were fed deltamethrin (2 or 10 mg kg-1 feed) for 28 consecutive days and deltamethrin residues measured in milk and tissues. Deltamethrin residues were higher relative to dose administered. The order of relative concentrations of deltamethrin in tissues, measured 1, 4, and 9 days after the last dose was: renal fat greater than subcutaneous fat greater than forequarter muscle greater than hindquarter muscle greater than liver greater than kidney. Depletion of deltamethrin residues in milk was very rapid indicating the half-life of the insectide of about 1 day. Trace amounts of deltamethrin metabolites 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (less than 0.0235 ppm) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (less than 0.034 ppm) were also detected in milk and tissues of treated cows. 相似文献
17.
Potential applications of immobilized bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase in the removal of phenols from polluted water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The potential applications of immobilized bitter gourd peroxidase in the treatment of model wastewater contaminated with phenols have been investigated. The synthetic water was treated with soluble and immobilized enzyme preparations under various experimental conditions. Maximum removal of phenols was found in the buffers of pH values 5.0-6.0 and at 40 degrees C in the presence of 0.75 mM H(2)O(2). Fourteen different phenols were independently treated with soluble and immobilized bitter gourd peroxidase in the buffer of pH 5.6 at 37 degrees C. Chlorinated phenols and native phenol were significantly removed while other substituted phenols were marginally removed by the treatment. Phloroglucinol and pyrogallol were recalcitrant to the action of bitter gourd peroxidase. Immobilized bitter gourd peroxidase preparation was capable of removing remarkably high percentage of phenols from the phenolic mixtures. Significantly higher level of total organic carbon was removed from the model wastewater containing individual phenol or complex mixture of phenols by immobilized bitter gourd peroxidase as compared to the soluble enzyme. 2,4-dichlorophenol and a phenolic mixture were also treated in a stirred batch reactor with fixed quantity of enzyme for longer duration. The soluble bitter gourd peroxidase ceased to function after 3h while the immobilized enzyme was active even after 6h of incubation with phenolic solutions. 相似文献
18.
Mubarik Sumaira Liu Xiaoxue Malik Saima Shakil Wang Lijun Yu Yong Yu Chuanhua 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(36):49864-49876
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Statistical evidence on breast cancer (BC) burden related to health and lifestyle risk factors are valuable for health policy-making. This study aimed... 相似文献
19.
Ahamed Maqusood Akhtar Mohd Javed Khan Mohd Abdul Majeed Alhadlaq Hisham Abdulaziz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(14):17109-17118
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recent attention has been focused on reproductive toxicity of nanoscale materials in combination with pre-existing environmental pollutants. Due to... 相似文献
20.
Romshoo Shakil Ahmad Murtaza Khalid Omar Shah Waheed Ramzan Tawseef Ameen Ummer Bhat Mustafa Hameed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(35):52732-52751
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Himalayan glaciers provide water to a large population in south Asia for a variety of purposes and ecosystem services. As a result, regional... 相似文献