氧化石墨烯高压膜的制备及其在水处理中的应用研究进展

氧化石墨烯(GO)是一种理想的二维结构分离膜材料.从GO结构性质入手,探讨了GO混合基质膜和GO层压膜(GO膜)的制备及其在水处理中的研究现状与前景.分析了GO的添加方式对混合基质膜性能的影响,未来需要进一步对GO表面的活性基团进行改性以提高其分散性和与聚合物的相容性,并加强GO及改性GO的添加方式对膜性能影响的研究.GO混合基质膜在一定程度上可克服传统聚合物膜的Trade-off效应,技术成熟度较高、应用前景较好.GO膜在水溶液中的不稳定性是其在水处理中应用中的瓶颈,在系统分析提高GO膜稳定性的方法的基础上,进一步指出需要探讨采用新型交联剂或多种稳定方法同步强化其稳定性的可行性,同时其在实际应用中的稳定性及长期运行效果需要进一步研究和验证,以利于开拓其应用.     

新疆若羌县绿洲带地下水重金属来源解析及健康风险评价

为了解新疆若羌县地下水中重金属元素的污染程度及其来源并评价其对人类健康的危害.对采集的51组地下水样品中7种金属元素（As、Cd、Mn、Cu、Fe、Ni、和Pb）进行分析,运用多元统计分析和综合污染评价法了解7种元素的分布状况和污染特征,结合PMF源解析模型和健康风险评价模型分别揭示了若羌县地下水中金属元素的来源和健康风险.结果表明：(1)研究区地下水金属元素平均含量排序为：Fe>Ni>Mn>Cd>Cu>As>Pb,地下水中除Cu外,其他元素含量均值均高于地下水质量标准（GB/T 14848-2017）Ⅲ类水标准限值.(2)研究区地下水受到As、Cd、Mn、Fe和Ni的不同程度污染,其中Mn和Fe污染较为严重,呈面状分布,无Cu、Pb污染.(3)PMF源解析结果表明,As污染来源于矿物溶解;Cd和Ni污染受地质环境和农业活动的双重影响;Fe、Mn污染主要受自然因素影响;Pb、Cu主要来源为交通活动.(4)健康风险评价结果表明,饮用途径暴露的健康风险高于皮肤入渗途径且成人的健康风险高于儿童.非致癌健康风险（HI）主要由As、Cd和Ni经饮用途径引起.由...     

Differentiated emission control strategy based on comprehensive evaluation of multi-media pollution: Case of mercury emission control

In order to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of multi-media mercury pollution under differentiated emission control strategies in China, a literature review and case studies were carried out. Increased human exposure to methylmercury was assessed through the dietary intake of residents in areas surrounding a typical coal-fired power plant and a zinc(Zn) smelter, located either on acid soil with paddy growth in southern China, or on alkaline soil with wheat growth in northern Chi...     

便携式气相色谱/质谱联用快速测定固定污染源废气中的挥发性卤代烃研究

建立了便携式GC-MS快速测定固定污染源废气中挥发性卤代烃方法,26种卤代烃内标定量工作曲线的相关系数r≥0.985,线性关系良好;精密度好,相对标准偏差2.33%～18.1%;准确度高,加标回收率为101%～134%;方法检出限为0.002 ppm～0.016 ppm.在实际现场监测固定污染源中挥发性卤代烃时,使用便携式GC-MS的速查(Survey)功能初步判断样品浓度,确定稀释倍数,并验证了气袋和玻璃注射器采样对挥发性卤代烃测定结果无显著性差异.     

Response of runoff and soil loss to reforestation and rainfall type in red soil region of southern China

To evaluate the long-term effects of reforestation types on soil erosion on degraded land, vegetation and soil properties under conventional sloping farmland (CSF) and three different reforestation types including a Pinus massoniana secondary forest (PSF), an Eucommia ulmoides artificial economic forest (EEF) and a natural succession type forest (NST), were investigated at runoff plot scale over a six-year period in a red soil region of southern China. One hundred and thirty erosive rainfall events generating runoff in plots were grouped into four rainfall types by means of K-mean clustering method. Erosive rainfall type I is the dominant rainfall type. The amount of runoff and the soil loss under erosive rainfall type III were the most, followed by rain-fall type II, IV and I. Compared with CSF treatment, reforestation treatments decreased the average annual runoff depth and the soil loss by 25.5%–61.8% and 93.9%– 96.2% during the study period respectively. Meanwhile, runoff depth at PSF and EEF treatments was significantly lower than that in NST treatment, but no significant difference existed in soil erosion modulus among the three reforestation treatments. This is mainly due to the improved vegetation properties (i.e., vegetation coverage, biomass of above- and below-ground and litter-fall mass) and soil properties (i.e., bulk density, total porosity, infiltration rate and organic carbon content) in the three reforestation treatments compared to CSF treatment. The PSF and EEF are recommended as the preferred reforestation types to control runoff and soil erosion in the red soil region of southern China, with the NST potentially being used as an important supplement.     

工业固定资产投资项目节能分析探讨

节能分析篇（章）在工业固定资产投资项目节能评估和审查中占有重要的地位,节能分析篇（章）是否全面、是否规范不仅决定了项目节能评估和审查的最终结论,也对项目投运后的能源管理产生着决定的作用。文章针对某重型机械有限公司大型高效水、火、核电及轧辊等大型轴类锻件加工基地建设项目节能分析情况进行了探讨。     

Comparisons of carbon storages in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei plantations during a 22-year period in southern China

Tree species composition was important for carbon storage within the same climate range.To quantify the dynamics of ecosystem carbon allocation as affected by different tree species,we measured the above- and belowground biomass accumulation in 22 years,as well as the tissue carbon concentrations of trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Michelia macclurei plantation.Results indicated that M.macclurei plantation stored significantly more carbon (174.8 tons/hm2) than C.lanceolata plantation (154.3 tons/hm2).Most of the carbon was found in the soil pool (57.1% in M.macclurei plantation,55.2% in C.lanceolata plantation).Tree and soil component of M.macclurei plantation possessed significantly higher carbon storage than that of the C.lanceolata plantation (p<0.05).No significant difference was found in the carbon storage of understory and forest floor.These results suggest that the broadleaved species (M.macclurei) possesses greater carbon sequestration potential than the coniferous species (C.lanceolata) in southern China.     

岩溶石漠化地区表土孢粉与植被关系的影响因素研究——以重庆南川区南平镇为例

根据表土孢粉分析和植被样方调查,重庆南平养兔场内外5个不同方位的表土孢粉组合较好地揭示了该区孢粉组合特点及其与植被的关系。通过对该区表土孢粉组合差异性的研究,探讨了影响表土孢粉与现代植被对应关系的主要因素,即外来孢粉、孢粉产量、孢粉保存和孢粉鉴定等。运用LuoPacias孢粉鉴定系统将孢粉鉴定到种,共132种,为在这一地区开展第四纪古植被、古气候和古环境等研究提供参考性依据。     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983-2007

The interaction between pollution sources change and implementation of air pollution control measures was the main driving factor that caused the variation in air quality.     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983–2007

The rapid development in Beijing, the capital of China, has resulted in serious air pollution problems. Meanwhile great efforts have been made to improve the air quality, especially since 1998. The variation in air quality under the interaction of pollution and control in this mega city has attracted much attention. We analyzed the changes in ambient air quality in Beijing since the 1980’s using the Daniel trend test based on data from long-term monitoring stations. The results showed that different polluta...