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This comment highlights a whole series of datasets on thallium concentrations in the environment that were overlooked in the recent review by Karbowska, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188, 640, 2016 in this journal. Geochemical surveys carried out over the last few decades all over the world at various scales and using different sampling media have reported the concentration of thallium (and dozens more elements) in tens of thousands of samples. These datasets provide a ‘real-world’ foundation upon which source apportionment investigations can be based, monitoring programs devised and modelling studies designed. Furthermore, this comment also draws attention to two global geochemical mapping initiatives that should be of interest to environmental scientists. 相似文献
23.
Patrice Lucchetta Emmanuel Desouhant Eric Wajnberg Carlos Bernstein 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(9):1409-1418
The reproductive success of insect parasitoids depends on two activities, searching for hosts to obtain immediate fitness
rewards (offspring) and searching for food to extend life span and enhance future reproductive opportunities. Models suggest
that to deal with this trade-off and to cope with the variability of the resources they depend on, parasitoids should simultaneously
integrate information originating from three distinct sources: host and food availabilities in the environment (environmental
information) and the metabolic reserves of the parasitoid (internal information). We tested whether, in the parasitic wasp
Venturia canescens, these three types of information are perceived simultaneously and interact during host-patch exploitation. Experiments were
performed with strains originating from two different geographical locations and with individuals of the two reproductive
modes, arrhenotoky and thelytoky. We hypothesised that there would be differences between modes of reproduction as they thrive
in different ecological conditions. Our results show that metabolic state, food availability and the number of ovipositions
performed simultaneously modulate patch residence time in V. canescens of both populations and reproductive modes. Unfed wasps left their host patch earlier than fed ones. The tendency to leave
the patch increased with an increasing probability of finding food. Our study confirms that globally, each oviposition increases
the patch-leaving tendency (decremental mechanism). This effect was modulated by both the metabolic reserves and food availability,
and the relationship depended on the geographic origin of populations. Individuals of one of the populations switched from
a decremental to an incremental patch-leaving mechanism depending on the presence or absence of food in the vicinity. Differences
between reproductive modes in the responses to environmental cues can be explained by the different ecological conditions
they live in. 相似文献
24.
Sandra Kim Tiam Xavier Libert Soizic Morin Patrice Gonzalez Agnès Feurtet-Mazel Nicolas Mazzella 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(6):3931-3939
The Morcille River located in the Beaujolais vineyard area (Eastern France) is subjected to strong vine-growing pressure leading to the contamination by a range of herbicides and fungicides of the surrounding freshwater environment. Particularly high concentrations of norflurazon, desmethyl norflurazon and tebuconazole were recorded in spring 2010 at the downstream site of the river. Despite their occurrence in rivers, scarce toxicity data are available for these products, in particular in the case of desmethyl norflurazon (main norflurazon degradation product). Furthermore, the toxicity data are generally available only for single compounds and are issued from single species toxicity tests, leading to a lack of ecological relevance. Consequently, this study was undertaken to evaluate the toxic effects of norflurazon, desmethyl norflurazon and tebuconazole singly and in a ternary mixture on fluvial biofilm. Toxicity tests were performed in microplates for 48 h. Photosynthetic endpoints were measured using pulse amplitude-modulated fluorometry; diatom densities and taxonomic composition were determined. After 48 h of exposure, significant effects on optimal quantum yield (F v/F m) for desmethyl norflurazon and mixture were observed. 相似文献
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Gagnon C Gagné F Turcotte P Saulnier I Blaise C Salazar MH Salazar SM 《Chemosphere》2006,62(6):998-1010
The biological availability of metals in municipal wastewater effluents is strongly influenced by the physical and chemical conditions of both the effluent and the receiving water. Aquatic organisms are exposed to both dissolved and particulate (food ingestion) forms of these metals. In the present study, the distribution of metals in specific tissues was used to distinguish between exposure routes (i.e. dissolved vs. particulate phase) and to examine metal bioavailability in mussels exposed to municipal effluents. Caged Elliptio complanata mussels were deployed at sites located between 1.5 km upstream and 12 km downstream of a major effluent outfall in the St. Lawrence River. Metals in surface water samples were fractionated by filtration techniques to determine their dissolved, truly-dissolved (<10 kDa), total-particulate and acid-reactive-particulate forms. At the end of the exposure period (90 days), pooled mussel soft tissues (digestive gland, gills, gonad, foot and mantle) were analyzed for several metals. The results showed that gills and digestive gland were generally the most important target tissues for metal bioaccumulation, while gill/digestive gland metal ratios suggest that both exposure routes should be considered for mussels exposed to municipal effluents. We also found that Ag and Cd in the dispersion plume nearest the outfall, in contrast to other metals such as Cu and Zn, are more closely associated with colloids and were generally less bioavailable than at the reference site in the St. Lawrence River. 相似文献
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Jaffrezic A Jardé E Pourcher AM Gourmelon M Caprais MP Heddadj D Cottinet P Bilal M Derrien M Marti R Mieszkin S 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(3):959-968
Fecal contamination of water resources is evaluated by the enumeration of the fecal coliforms and Enterococci. However, the enumeration of these indicators does not allow us to differentiate between the sources of fecal contamination. Therefore, it is important to use alternative indicators of fecal contamination to identify livestock contamination in surface waters. The concentration of fecal indicators (, enteroccoci, and F-specific bacteriophages), microbiological markers (Rum-2-bac, Pig-2-bac, and ), and chemical fingerprints (sterols and stanols and other chemical compounds analyzed by 3D-fluorescence excitation-matrix spectroscopy) were determined in runoff waters generated by an artificial rainfall simulator. Three replicate plot experiments were conducted with swine slurry and cattle manure at agronomic nitrogen application rates. Low amounts of bacterial indicators (1.9-4.7%) are released in runoff water from swine-slurry-amended soils, whereas greater amounts (1.1-28.3%) of these indicators are released in runoff water from cattle-manure-amended soils. Microbial and chemical markers from animal manure were transferred to runoff water, allowing discrimination between swine and cattle fecal contamination in the environment via runoff after manure spreading. Host-specific bacterial and chemical markers were quantified for the first time in runoff waters samples after the experimental spreading of swine slurry or cattle manure. 相似文献
29.
Furlan Lorenzo Pozzebon Alberto Duso Carlo Simon-Delso Noa Sánchez-Bayo Francisco Marchand Patrice A. Codato Filippo Bijleveld van Lexmond Maarten Bonmatin Jean-Marc 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):11798-11820
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Over-reliance on pesticides for pest control is inflicting serious damage to the environmental services that underpin agricultural productivity. The... 相似文献