塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地污染型气溶胶垂直分布及其潜在来源

采用CALIPSO卫星level2气溶胶廓线产品,分析了2017年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区气溶胶光学厚度、消光系数和气溶胶类型的时空分布特征,并利用HYSPLIT模式研究了秋冬季节污染型气溶胶的输送路径.结果表明：①研究区域内2017年气溶胶光学厚度均值在0.08~0.73之间变化,最大值出现在春季.②气溶胶消光系数分布在0~0.5 km^-1的频率最高,4 km以下的气溶胶消光系数高于4 km以上.春、夏、秋、冬四季气溶胶消光系数廓线的最大值分别为0.350、0.243、0.160、0.356 km^-1,分别出现在1.23、1.41、2.55、1.12 km高度处.③与春夏季相比,秋冬季节出现污染沙尘型气溶胶的频率更高,分别为23.4%、26.9%,污染大陆型气溶胶主要出现在冬季的0~2 km处,烟尘型气溶胶主要出现在秋季的6~8 km处.HYSPLIT模式模拟结果表明,秋冬季节沙漠腹地上空6 km处的污染型气溶胶与阿克苏、喀什等地区有关,2 km处的污染型气溶胶与和田地区有关,其中,喀什地区可能是沙漠腹地上空污染型气溶胶的主要源区.     

露天矿钻机司机室空气质量调控装置研究

研制了一种适用于露天矿山温度高、粉尘大、振动大的司机室空调、通风和除尘的新型装置,研究了换热系统、新风供给器和循环风除尘除毒装置,室内温度、清新度和新鲜度优于规定指标,现场使用效果良好。     

柴油机排出颗粒提取物潜在致癌性的研究

采用SHE细胞恶性转化实验和程序外DNA合成实验（UDS）对五种不同型号柴油机颗粒物的提取物的致突变性及潜在致癌性进行了研究,结果表明,所选五种型号柴油机颗粒提取物均存在DNA损伤作用及细胞转化作用,并存在轻型车高于中、重型车的趋势。     

可持续发展的理论与宏观调控模式

从可持续发展观和可持续发展战略出发,分析了传统发展观和发展模式的特点及其主要弊端;进而根据有关国际性文件中的可持续发展概念,给出了中国人易于理解的描述及其基本内涵,强调了人与自然和谐、发展与资源环境相协调是可持续发展的核心,并结合实例阐明了协同学理论是可持续发展的基本理论依据;在分析发展与资源环境相协调的基础条件之后,重点论述了它们之间的协调机制,提出了可持续发展的宏观调控模式。      

水污染虚拟治理成本法的应用探讨

以柴油泄漏污染案件为例,探讨了福建省《地表水环境损害鉴定评估技术方法》(DB 35/T 1726-2017)(以下简称《技术方法》)和《生态环境损害鉴定评估技术指南基础方法第2部分:水污染虚拟治理成本法》(GB/T 39793.2-2020)(以下简称《技术指南》)推荐的虚拟治理成本法在地表水环境损害价值量化评估中的应用。充分比较了2个标准的推荐方法对同一污染场景的单位治理成本确定、污染物违法外排量核定和系数选取的分析过程,并提出了增补确定单位治理成本的方法,扩大使用范围等改进建议,以期推动虚拟治理成本法在地表水生态环境损害价值量化中的高效应用。     

Bacteria inactivation by sulfate radical: progress and non-negligible disinfection by-products

● Status of inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms by SO₄^•− is reviewed. ● Mechanism of SO₄^•− disinfection is outlined. ● Possible generation of DBPs during disinfection using SO₄^•− is discussed. ● Possible problems and challenges of using SO₄^•− for disinfection are presented. Sulfate radicals have been increasingly used for the pathogen inactivation due to their strong redox ability and high selectivity for electron-rich species in the last decade. The application of sulfate radicals in water disinfection has become a very promising technology. However, there is currently a lack of reviews of sulfate radicals inactivated pathogenic microorganisms. At the same time, less attention has been paid to disinfection by-products produced by the use of sulfate radicals to inactivate microorganisms. This paper begins with a brief overview of sulfate radicals’ properties. Then, the progress in water disinfection by sulfate radicals is summarized. The mechanism and inactivation kinetics of inactivating microorganisms are briefly described. After that, the disinfection by-products produced by reactions of sulfate radicals with chlorine, bromine, iodide ions and organic halogens in water are also discussed. In response to these possible challenges, this article concludes with some specific solutions and future research directions.     

Antecedents of early career stage mentoring among Chinese employees

This study examined the mediating influence of protege‐initiated mentoring relationships on the relationship between personality and situational characteristics and mentoring received. Data were obtained from Hong Kong Chinese graduate employees (N=184) in their early career stage. Results of the regression analysis showed that protege‐initiated mentoring relationships mediated the relationship between the personality (extraversion) but not the situational (individual development culture and opportunities for interactions on the job) characteristics and mentoring received. In other words, extraversion was indirectly related to mentoring received through protege‐initiated mentoring relationships but individual development culture and opportunities for interactions on the job were directly related to mentoring received. Additionally, opportunities for interactions on the job indirectly influenced mentoring received through protege‐initiated mentoring relationships. Limitations of the study, implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同配置人工湿地系统农村生活污水处理效果

研究选用芦苇、草、鸢尾和香蒲4种植物以及石子、煤灰渣2种填料模拟出8组人工湿地系统,通过对进出水中COD、总氮及总磷浓度的监测,分析各组湿地系统的净化效果及净化稳定性。结果表明,香蒲与石子+煤灰渣复合填料组配的人工湿地系统表现最好,其次为香蒲与单一石子填料组配;而草搭配煤灰渣+石子复合填料对COD和质量浓度为20 mg/L左右的总氮的去除效果良好;煤灰渣+石子复合填料在除磷方面表现良好。另外,污水初始浓度负荷也影响人工湿地对污染物的净化效果。     

汶川8.0级地震非承重墙体震害调查分析

通过对汶川8.0级地震发生后西安、成都地区(地震烈度为Ⅵ～Ⅶ度区)的高层建筑震害调查,以某小区震后建筑物非承重墙体裂缝为实例,给出了高层建筑震害易发生的部位和楼层,分析了非承重墙体裂缝产生的原因。震害调查表明:汶川地震中,在抗震设防烈度为Ⅵ～Ⅷ度区,当地震烈度为Ⅵ～Ⅶ度时,非承重墙抗震性能的表现不尽如人意。提出了应对非承重墙体制定设防目标,且非承重结构构件的抗震设防目标应与主体结构设防目标相适应,使建筑结构设计,对非承重墙的抗震设防有据可依,使灾后有可能对设计与施工的质量进行评估,通过有区别地加强非承重墙的抗震构造措施,减小建筑物的震害损失。     

Communication,neighbourhood belonging and household hurricane preparedness

This paper reports on an examination of data on how local residents in Tuscaloosa, a mid‐sized city in the state of Alabama, United States, responded to Hurricane Ivan of September 2004. The evaluation revealed that an integrated connection to community‐level communication resources—comprising local media, community organisations and interpersonal networks—has a direct impact on the likelihood of engaging in pre‐hurricane preparedness activities and an indirect effect on during‐hurricane preparedness activities. Neighbourhood belonging mediated the relation between an integrated connection to community‐level communication resources and during‐hurricane preparedness activities. Neighbourhood belonging was determined to increase the likelihood of taking preparedness actions during Hurricane Ivan, but not prior to it. In addition, we discovered an interesting pattern for two different types of risk perceptions: social and personal risk perceptions. Social risk perceptions increase the likelihood of taking preventative steps before a hurricane while personal risk perceptions are positively related to engaging in preventative action during a hurricane.