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21.
Randhir K. Bharti Dolly W. Dhar Radha Prasanna Anil Kumar Saxena 《International Journal of Green Energy》2018,15(1):45-52
Generation of biodiesel from microalgae has been extensively investigated; however, its quality is often not suitable for use as fuel. Our investigation involved the evaluation of biodiesel quality using a native isolate Chlorella sorokiniana MIC-G5, as specified by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), after transesterification of lipids with methanol, in the presence of sodium methoxide. Total quantity of lipids extracted from dry biomass, of approximately 410–450 mg g?1 was characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR. After transesterification, the total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were 43% and 57%, respectively. The major FAMEs present in the biodiesel were methyl palmitate (C16:0), methyl oleate (C18:1), and methyl linoleate (C18:2), and the 1H NMR spectra matched with criteria prescribed for high-quality biodiesel. The biodiesel exhibited a density of 0.873 g cm–3, viscosity of 3.418 mm2 s?1, cetane number (CN) of 57.85, high heating value (HHV) of 40.25, iodine value of 71.823 g I2 100 g?1, degree of unsaturation (DU) of 58%, and a cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of –5.22°C. Critical fuel parameters, including oxidation stability, CN, HHV, iodine value, flash point, cloud point, pour point, density, and viscosity were in accordance with the methyl ester composition and structural configuration. Hence, C. sorokiniana can be a promising feedstock for biodiesel generation. 相似文献
22.
Shanmugasundaram R Jeyalakshmi T Dutt MS Murthy PB 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(1):43-45
Larvicidal effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) and karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil cakes (individuals and combination) was studied against mosquito species. Both the oil cakes showed larvicidal activity against the mosquito species tested. The combination of neem and karanja oil cakes in equal proportion proved to have better effect than the individual treatments. The combination of the two oil cakes recorded an LC95 of 0.93, 0.54 and 0.77% against the mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi respectively The increase in efficacy of the combination treatment over individuals in all the mosquito larvae tested was found to range about 4 to 10 fold in terms of LC50 and 2 to 6 fold in terms of LC95. 相似文献
23.
Assadullah Insaaf Zaman M Burhanuz Malik Khurshaid Ahmad Malik Javied Hamid Bhat Aadil Ahmad Tomar Radha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(4):3953-3959
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chalcogenide nanostructures are the materials with diverse applications. Here, we report rapid hydrothermal synthesis of crystalline ZnSe quantum dots... 相似文献
24.
Singh Amandeep Tiwari Rupasi Dutt Triveni 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(4):1544-1562
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Global waste production is pegging at unforeseen heights and alarming for its sustainable management. Information and Communication Technologies... 相似文献
25.
As is the case in many other countries around the world, India's main source of electricity is coal‐fired power plants. In addition to providing energy, the burning of coal also results in large amounts of coal combustion products (CCP), the incombustible material, such as fly ash, left after the coal is burned. These materials are produced in large volume, and if they are not managed or utilized properly, they can pose a danger to the environment. This article discusses the uses of CCP, with a special emphasis on fly ash, and the role that it is currently playing and can continue to play as a mine filler for India's depleted opencast and underground coal mines. 相似文献
26.
Solanki R Anju Poonam Dhankhar R 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(6):747-751
The effect of deleterious concentration of zinc and copper provided either individually or in combination in the nutrient media was investigated in order to assess the effect of metal interaction in Vigna mungo (L.). Both metals showed negative effect and led to a marked decrease in seed germination (20%), seedling growth (91.7%) and nitrate reductase activity (85.7%) with the increase in metal concentrations. The present study also emphasizes on the response of catalase and peroxidase enzyme under zinc and copper stress. Both antioxidant enzymes exhibited an increasing trend under different treatment conditions but it was reverse at highly toxic metal concentration. The results showed active involvement of peroxidase enzyme in regulating oxidative stress rather than catalase enzyme, as the specific activity of peroxidase enzyme got increased by 8.94% under the combined metals stress whereas catalase activity got declined by 60.97% in comparison to control due to excessive stress. The combined effect of copper and zinc metal was more pronounced in comparison to their individual effects. 相似文献
27.
A. J. Dutt 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1991,19(1-3):495-506
The wind environment at ground leven in built-up areas is influenced by the extremely complex interaction amongst incident wind, mean vertical velocity gradient, turbulence and the shapes, sizes and layouts of building. Random layout of buildings could generate zones of overspeed and vortices in the connecting passage way between buildings, terraces, opensided shelters, courtyards, which could potentially cause unpleasantness, hazard from resuspended particulates, and airborne rain penetration into the buildings. The paper presents the results of two case studies comprising field measurements made within the Kent Ridge Campus, National University of Singapore, using DANTEC 54N10 Multichannel Flow Analyser and Probes. Results are presented in terms of non-dimensional windspeed coefficients. It is concluded that there is significant increase in windspeed due to channel and venturi effects. This information provides useful guidelines for building plans and layouts to the architects and engineers. 相似文献
28.
Abhishek Dutt Tripathi Ajay Yadav Alok Jha S. K. Srivastava 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(2):446-453
In the present study, depending upon the availability and cheaper cost, different carbon source were tested for the production of PHAs (Polyhydroxyalkonoates) by soil bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and it was found that sugar refinery waste (cane molasses) produced the maximum PHA (biodegradable polymer) which is precursor for bio-plastic development. Urea served as potent nitrogen source over other inorganic nitrogen sources in bio-plastic synthesis. Effect of different physical parameters viz; pH, temperature and agitation speed were also studied on PHA production. Batch cultivation kinetics under optimized cultural and physical condition showed maximum cell mass and PHA concentration of 7.32?±?0.2 and 5.60?±?0.3?g/L, respectively after 54.0?h of cultivation. Sugar refinery waste (Total sugar 4%) and urea (0.8%) improved the economics of the process which exhibited a yield (YP/X) of 0.70 with productivity of 0.11?g/L/h. PHA was further characterized as PHB by using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 相似文献
29.
A study was carried out in Nawa tehsil of Nagaur district to assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis and its crippling effect
due to ingestion and prolonged exposure of fluoride over a long period of time. During the survey of the study area, high
concentration of fluoride (14.62 ppm) has been recorded. The presence of fluoride in quantities in excess of limits is a serious
matter of concern from a public health point of view. Due to higher fluoride level in groundwater, several cases of dental
fluorosis have appeared at alarming rate in the study area. The children’s teeth are damaged and are characterized by black
and brown stains as well as cracking and pitting of the teeth have been observed. In the study area, 93.12% population suffered
from dental fluorosis, and it was more prevalent in men (94.90%) than in women (90.00%). Dental fluorosis was also examined
according to different grades. Out of the total 72 afflicted, in the 4–16-year age group, 41.46% were suffering from Grade
I, Grade II was more prevalent in 33.85% of the 17–28-year age group and similarly Grade II was more prevalent in 39.13% of
the 29–40-year age group. In the age group of above 40 years, grade III and grade IV were more prevalent. Thus, in the higher
age group, the prevalence and severity of fluorosis is almost certainly due to longer exposure to fluoride. The major risk
factor consistently identified for dental fluorosis was the consumption of fluoridated drinks and fluoride supplements. Ingestion
of calcium, vitamin D and vitamin C is effective in protection from fluoride toxicity to certain extent. 相似文献
30.
Landscapes of Protection: Forest Change and Fragmentation in Northern West Bengal,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harini Nagendra Somajita Paul Sajid Pareeth Sugato Dutt 《Environmental management》2009,44(5):853-864
In the tropics and sub-tropics, where high levels of biodiversity co-exist with some of the greatest levels of population
density, achieving complete exclusion in protected area contexts has proved close to impossible. There is a clear need to
recognize that parks are significantly impacted by human–environment interactions in the larger landscape within which they
are embedded, and to move the frontier of research beyond the boundaries of protected areas in order to examine larger landscapes
where multiple forms of ownership and access are embedded. This research evaluates forest change and fragmentation between
1990 and 2000, in a landscape surrounding the Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian state of West Bengal. This protected
forest is bounded to the south by a less intensively protected area, the Baikunthapur Reserve Forest, and surrounded by a
mosaic of unprotected, largely private land holdings. Results indicate differences in the extent and spatial pattern of forest
cover change in these three zones, corresponding to different levels of government protection, access and monitoring. The
two protected areas experience a trend toward forest regrowth, relating to the cessation of commercial logging by park management
during this period. Yet, there is still substantial clearing toward peripheral areas that are well connected to illegal timber
markets by transportation networks. The surrounding landscape, although experiencing some forest regrowth within less intensively
cultivated tea plantations, is also becoming increasingly fragmented, with potentially critical impacts on the maintenance
of effective wildlife corridors in this ecologically critical region. 相似文献