珠江三角洲城市周边典型中小型水库富营养化与蓝藻种群动态

为了解珠江三角洲地区城市周边中小型水库的水质状况,于2009年8月(丰水期)和2010年3月(枯水期)调查了4座典型中小型水库--横岗水库、水濂山水库、契爷石水库和东风水库,分析了水库的富营养化与蓝藻种类组成、种群动态及微囊藻毒素水平.丰水期总磷浓度为0.05～0.083 mgL-1,枯水期为0.026～0.082 m...     

贫营养型水库中罗非鱼对浮游植物的影响:围隔实验

于2009年9～11月在贫营养型的大型深水水库(流溪河水库)中进行了围隔(体积约为85 m3)实验,分析了罗非鱼对浮游植物的影响.根据水库中现有鱼类的生物量,设置加鱼处理组(2 g/m3)和无鱼对照组两组.每组有3个重复,实验开始后每周采样一次,测定水质与采集浮游生物定性和定量样品.实验结果表明,加鱼处理组和对照组的总氮、可溶性无机氮没有明显差别,实验后期的总磷与正磷有一定差别,处理组略高于对照组.加鱼处理组浮游植物丰度及生物量、叶绿素a的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且透明度低于对照组,个体小于30μm的浮游植物种类的丰度与生物量较明显增加,浮游动物丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但是生物量差异不显著(P>0.05).总的来说,在贫营养条件下,低生物量的罗非鱼对水库浮游植物群落结构仍有着明显的影响,罗非鱼排泄产生的上行效应大于摄食产生的下行效应.     

氯化镉、灭多威和硝基苯对日本青鳉(Oryzias latipes) 行为抑制的生物应急监测

研究了氯化镉、灭多威和硝基苯对孵化以后7d左右日本青鳉(Oryzias latipes)行为毒性。结果表明,在不同污染物中,随暴露浓度的增加,第1尾日本青鳉产生行为抑制的时间逐渐缩短,并且半数行为抑制时间(time ofhalf behavior inhibition,THBI,Y)随暴露浓度(X)呈现幂指数关系Y=aXb,其中20相似文献   

Migration of As, Hg, Pb, and Zn in arroyo sediments from a semiarid coastal system influenced by the abandoned gold mining district at El Triunfo, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Extensive waste deposits (tailings) and ash from the ignition oven of the abandoned gold mine of mining district El Triunfo (MD-ET) in Baja California Sur, Mexico have released trace elements into the sediments of the Hondo-Las Gallinas-El Carrizal arroyo, which connects to the Pacific Ocean through an evaporitic basin. Migration of these elements through the arroyo is mainly caused by winds or tropical hurricanes that occur sporadically during the summer and cause the otherwise dry arroyo to overflow. To evaluate the concentration and distribution of the elements As, Hg, Pb, and Zn along the 48 km arroyo, surface sediments were collected from 26 sites, ranging from close to the MD-ET to the mouth of the arroyo at the Pacific Ocean. Concentrations in tailings and ash were for As 8890 and 505?000 mg kg(-1); for Hg 0.336 and 54.9 mg kg(-1); for Pb 92,700 and 19,300 mg kg(-1); and for Zn 49,600 and 1380 mg kg(-1). The average of the Normalized Enrichment Factor (Av-NEF) in surface sediments, calculated using background levels, indicates that the sediments are severely contaminated with As and Zn (Av-NEF = 22), Pb (Av-NEF = 24) and with a moderate contamination of Hg (Av-NEF = 7.5). The anthropogenic influence of those elements is reflected in the arroyo sediments as far as 18 km away from the MD-ET, whereas the samples closest to the discharge into the Pacific Ocean show a natural to moderate enrichment for As and Zn and low or no enrichment for Hg and Pb. A principal components analysis identified four principal components that explained 90% of the total variance. Factor 1 was characterized by a high positive contribution of the anthropogenic source elements, especially As, Pb, and Zn (37%), whereas Factor 2 was strongly correlated with the oxy-hydroxides of Fe and Mn (27%). Factor 3 was correlated with Li (16%) and Factor 4 with Al (10%), which indicates more than one source of lithogenic composition, though they played a minor role in the distribution of the elements.     

塔里木油田三甘醇脱水装置参数优化研究

文章通过三甘醇脱水工艺的第三套三甘醇注醇量调整,第三套再生温度的调节、汽提气注入量调整、贫液进塔温度调整运行参数的优化,得出:当三甘醇脱水工艺循环量在3840kg/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低;三甘醇脱水工艺再生温度在190～200℃之间温度越高,再生效果越好;三甘醇脱水工艺再生装置在汽提气量30Nm3/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低。     

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在废水处理中的研究与应用＊

概述活性炭吸附工艺、臭氧氧化工艺以及臭氧-生物活性炭工艺的降解机理、发展及应用;分析臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在国内外应用的典型案例,以及介绍该工艺在污水处理、污水深度处理以及中水回用方面的研究进展。     

Photochemical properties and source of pollutants during continuous pollution episodes in Beijing, October, 2011

Beijing sufered from serious air pollution in October, 2011 with the occurrence of three continuous episodes. Here we analyze the pollution status of particulate matter, the relationship between the gaseous pollutants, physical and chemical properties of single particles, and the profile of watersoluble ions in PM2.5during the three episodes. Regional and photochemically aged air masses, which were characterized as having high values of O3and SO2, were hypothesized to have played a dominant role in the first episode. After mixing local air masses with freshly-emitted primary pollutants, the concentration of NOx continued to increase and the size of SO4 2, NO3 and NH4 +in the particle population continued to become smaller. The amount of elemental carbon-rich and organic carbonrich particles in the scaled single particles(0.2–2 μm) and water-soluble K+in PM2.5also increased in the episodes. All the available information suggests that the biomass or fuel burning sources in or around Beijing may have had a huge impact on the last two episodes.     

高压电晕放电对五氯酚的降解研究

研究了放电电压、溶液pH等因素对高压电晕放电降解PCP效果的影响,并对高压电晕放电处理PCP的动力学进行了初步探讨,同时对高压电晕放电降解PCP的COD和TOC的变化进行了分析。结果表明:放电电压和溶液pH值对PCP降解性能影响很大,放电电压和溶液pH值越高,PCP的降解速度越快。当溶液pH值为11.2、PCP初始质量浓度40 mg/L、电晕放电电压为25 kV时,经30 min电晕放电,PCP的降解率达90%以上,电晕放电降解PCP的反应符合一级反应动力学。在氧化过程中PCP可能转化为苯醌等中间产物,TOC几乎无变化,PCP分解成的小分子有机物使COD升高,可生化性提高。     

沈阳市冬季一次严重污染天气过程成因分析

为探讨沈阳市冬季重污染天气的初步成因。以2013年1月11日~16日沈阳市发生的一次严重污染天气为例,利用中国气象局的MICAPS系统和美国的HYSPLT模式,从污染形成的天气背景、污染物扩散受地形的影响情况以及外来污染物输送的气流轨迹等几方面综合分析,从而探讨此次严重污染过程的成因:长白山小高压和西部倒槽双重系统的控制下,地面吹东北风,风速较小,湿度大,不利于污染物的水平扩散;有较强接地逆温存在时,不利于污染物的垂直扩散,导致近地面污染物累积;受来自于北部和东北部低层气流的影响,将内蒙古、辽宁东北部的污染物携带到沈阳地区汇聚。     

污泥中重金属的存在形态和处理方法研究

由于污泥中的重金属含量比较高,且大多数未进行无害化处理,只能进行露天堆放,极易造成二次污染,因此污泥中的重金属已成为限制污泥资源化应用的主要因素。文章通过介绍污泥中重金属的污染现状和重金属存在形态的划分,在此基础上对目前常用的四种污泥中重金属的处理方法(化学法、生物淋滤法、动电处理法和植物修复法)进行了综述,并比较了不同方法之间的优点与不足,并提出了新的展望。