上海市大气气溶胶中铁的来源和化学种态研究

利用扫描质子微探针对上海市室内外大气气溶胶和排放源的单颗粒进行测量,用人工神经网络识别技术追踪了各种排放源对这些气溶胶中Fe的贡献．结果表明,对于上海的开放空间、半开放的公路隧道和室内环境,各种排放源的贡献并不相同．还利用穆斯堡尔光谱研究了室内外大气气溶胶中Fe的化学种态．实验发现,室内外气溶胶中Fe的种态不尽相同,在人民公园和高架桥开放空间中主要是铁的硫酸盐,在半开放的隧道中主要是α—Fe2O3,在室内主要是α—Fe2O3(α—FeOOH)．Fe种态的转变不仅和大气中SO2有关,而且和空气中云雾等因素有关。     

论建筑施工噪声管理中的执法对象

建筑施工噪声的执法对象是建设单位还是施工单位是长期未能统一的问题，分析两者在环境噪声污染防治中的责任与义务，阐述两者作为执法对象的利弊及法律依据，提出建设单位作为执法对象通过经济合同方式与施工单位进行环境责任与义务再分配的可行观战点，并建议对现行法律进行修改。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度氨氮废水的研究

在不同接种源污泥颗粒化过程中污泥理化性状对比研究的基础上,采用成熟好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度氨氮废水,对其脱氮行为以及不同C/N条件下好氧颗粒污泥微生物的比耗氧速率、好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的比降解速率随时间的变化等进行了研究.实验结果表明,在进水氨氮质量浓度较高(480 mg/L)、温度30℃左右的条件下,稳定运行15 d,氨氮的去除率维持在85%左右;进水氨氮的浓度越高,随着微生物对环境的逐渐适应,硝化菌的活性也逐步增加;随着进水氨氮浓度的提高,好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的比降解速率也逐渐上升.     

Seasonal variation and sources of derivatized phenols in atmospheric fine particulate matter in North China Plain

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of derivatized phenols in Beijing and in Xinglong were performed from 2016 to 2017 using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed substantially more severe pollution in Beijing.Of the 14 compounds detected,the total average concentration was 100 ng/m~3 in Beijing,compared with 11.6 ng/m~3 in Xinglong.More specifically,concentration of nitro-aromatic compounds(NACs)(81.9 ng/m~3 in Beijing and 8.49 ng/m3 in Xinglong) was the highest,followed by aromatic acids(14.6 ng/m~3 in Beijing and 2.42 ng/m~3 in Xinglong) and aromatic aldehydes(3.62 ng/m~3 in Beijing and 0.681 ng/m~3 in Xinglong).In terms of seasonal variation,the highest concentrations were found for 4-nitrocatechol in winter in Beijing(79.1±63.9 ng/m~3) and 4-nitrophenol in winter in Xinglong(9.72±8.94 ng/m~3).The analysis also revealed diurnal variations across different seasons.Most compounds presented higher concentrations at night in winter because of the decreased boundary layer height and increased heating intensity.While some presented higher levels during the day,which attributed to the photo-oxidation process for summer and more biomass burning activities for autumn.Higher concentrations appeared in winter and autumn than in spring and summer,which resulted from more coal combustions and adverse meteorological conditions.The significant correlations among NACs indicated similar sources of pollution.Higher correlations presented within each subgroup than those between the subgroups.Good correlations between levoglucosan and nitrophenols,nitrocatechols,nitro salicylic acids,with correlation coefficients(r) of 0.66,0.69 and 0.69,respectively,indicating an important role of biomass burning among primary sources.     

Distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the whole blood of typical meat animals

The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs) in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals(chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep,horse and donkey) consumed daily in our life were investigated. The total concentrations(on a liquid volume basis) of PCNs were in a range from 305 to 987 pg/L. Donkey blood contained the highest PCN concentrations. Mono-CNs were the dominant homolog group,accounting for 38%–71% PCNs. Apart from the mono-CNs and tri-CNs homolog groups, two hepta-CNs(mean: 9.5%) contributed most, followed by tetra-CNs(mean: 6.5%). The congeners CN1, 5/7, 24/14, 27/30, 52/60, 66/67, and 73 were the most abundant congeners or congener groups. The highest toxicity equivalencies(TEQs) were observed in cattle blood(117.4 fg TEQ/L) then chicken blood(117.1 fg TEQ/L). CN73 contributed 65% to total TEQs,followed by CN70(20%) and CN66/67(14%). The dietary intakes of PCNs were also estimated.Chicken meat, which forms the second largest component of meat product consumption in China, contributed most to the total TEQs(61%), followed by beef(27%) and pork(5.9%). The consumption of chicken might pose the highest risk from exposure to PCNs than other types of meat to populations who prefer to eat chicken meat.     

Bacterial community structure and diversity responses to the direct revegetation of an artisanal zinc smelting slag after 5 years

This comparative field study examined the responses of bacterial community structure and diversity to the revegetation of zinc (Zn) smelting waste slag with eight plant species after 5 years. The microbial community structure of waste slag with and without vegetation was evaluated using high-throughput sequencing. The physiochemical properties of Zn smelting slag after revegetation with eight plant rhizospheres for 5 years were improved compared to those of bulk slag. Revegetation significantly increased the microbial community diversity in plant rhizospheres, and at the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were notably more abundant in rhizosphere slags than those in bulk waste slag. Additionally, revegetation increased the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria such as Flavobacterium, Streptomyces, and Arthrobacter as well as symbiotic N₂ fixers such as Bradyrhizobium. Three dominant native plant species (Arundo donax, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Robinia pseudoacacia) greatly increased the quality of the rhizosphere slags. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the differences in bacterial community structure between the bulk and rhizosphere slags were explained by slag properties, i.e., pH, available copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), moisture, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), and organic matter (OM); however, available Zn and cadmium (Cd) contents were the slag parameters that best explained the differences between the rhizosphere communities of the eight plant species. The results suggested that revegetation plays an important role in enhancing bacterial community abundance and diversity in rhizosphere slags and that revegetation may also regulate microbiological properties and diversity mainly through changes in heavy metal bioavailability and physiochemical slag characteristics.

     

新型高级氧化技术处理硫化染料废水的研究进展

综述了各种用于硫化染料废水的新型高级氧化技术,包括电化学氧化法、E-peroxone氧化法、类Fenton试剂氧化法、光催化氧化法、光催化与膜分离耦合法和光催化燃料电池法。分析了各种高级氧化技术的主要影响因素,并指出各种方法的优势与不足,对高级氧化技术的发展方向提出了展望,为今后硫化染料废水的综合治理提供了技术指导。     

溶解有机质对微生物异化还原铁过程中砷含量及其形态赋存规律的影响

基于典型的希瓦氏金属还原菌(Shewanella decolorationis S12)和石英砂负载铁砷(As-IOCS)的相互作用,探讨了不同来源及组分溶解有机质和生物/非生物条件下对上述作用过程的影响.结果表明,不同类型及组分溶解有机质(DOM)均能使石英砂上负载的铁砷微生物还原解离/解吸程度得到一定程度的加强.而非生物反应体系中,只有含氧化还原敏感官能团结构的蒽醌类物质(0.1 mmol·L-1AQS)对铁砷的解离/解吸作用产生明显影响.在0.1 mmol·L-AQS和有机络合物(2 mmol·L-1 EDTA)的影响下,使得石英砂上负载铁的微生物异化还原程度加强,导致As(Ⅴ)从石英砂负载铁上的解吸程度也随之得到加强;在未加菌体系中,AQS和EDTA和不同组分的DOM类似,对As(Ⅴ)从IOCS上解吸程度影响微弱.对于As(Ⅲ)来说,只有在AQS的影响下,其含量得到显著增加,这可能是作为氧化还原中介体的AQS,在厌氧的生物/非生物条件下,能促进电子在As不同形态之间的转移,使得高价态As(Ⅴ)向还原态As(Ⅲ)的还原转变更易进行.当S12菌液接种含量增加时,在污泥不同组分DOM的影响下,As(Ⅴ)的解吸程度在反应300h前得到明显加强,而As(Ⅲ)的含量在整个反应期间,均快速上升,表明菌液含量高的体系,微生物铁异化还原过程得以持续进行,同时也促进了As(Ⅴ)向As(Ⅲ)的还原转变.     

Promotional effect of ZrO2 and WO3 on bimetallic Pt-Pd diesel oxidation catalyst

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Diesel oxidation catalysts Pt-Pd-(y)ZrO2-(z)WO3/CeZrOx-Al2O3 with total Pt & Pd loading of only 0.68 wt.% were prepared and investigated for...     

闽江感潮河段夏秋季涨落潮河水稳定同位素（N/D/O-18）组成特征解析

流域氮污染的稳定同位素表征和溯源对于保障流域污染防控和用水安全具有重要意义,本文通过对感潮河段夏、秋季涨落潮主要断面硝态氮（NO₃^-）及稳定同位素(δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-、δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-、δD-H₂O和δ¹⁸O-H₂O)组成特征测定及沿线小流域的氮污染入河量测算,探讨了陆域氮排放和水体交换对感潮河段稳定同位素的影响.研究表明：（1）落潮、涨潮期NO₃^-均为“秋季>夏季”,δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-夏、秋两季组成特征基本相近.落潮期δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-为“夏季>秋季”,涨潮期则相反.同季节的NO₃^-及其同位素总体呈“涨潮期>落...