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21.
A cross-validation of safety climate scale using confirmatory factor analytic approach 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
PROBLEM: Given the lack of a consistent factor structure of safety climate, this study tested the stability of a factor structure of a safety climate scale developed through an extensive literature review using confirmatory factor analytic approach and cross-validation. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 722 U.S. grain industry workers participated in the questionnaire survey. RESULTS: The safety climate scale developed through the generation of an item pool based on a table of specifications, subsequent scientific item reduction procedures, reviews from experts, and pilot test yielded adequate reliabilities for each dimension. Each item showed proper discriminative power based on both internal and external criteria. Criterion validity was manifested by the significant positive correlation of the scale with five criteria. Evidence of construct validity was provided by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Both calibration and validation samples supported a consistent factor structure. Management commitment and supervisor support were found to influence other dimensions of safety climate. DISCUSSION: This study provides an insight into the primary reason why previous attempts have failed to find a consistent factor structure of safety climate: No specification of the influence of management commitment and supervisor support on other dimensions of safety in their models. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The findings of this study provide a framework upon which accident prevention efforts can be effectively organized and underscore the importance of management commitment and supervisor support as they affect employee safety perceptions. 相似文献
22.
PROBLEM: This study investigated the impact of safety beliefs on safe behavior and the effect of age, gender, class standing, and geographic region on these beliefs and behaviors. It also compares the level of safety beliefs and safe behavior of Midwestern college students in 1993 to those in 2002. METHOD: A total of 1,059 undergraduate students at four Midwestern universities completed the 33-item questionnaire developed by Crowe (J. Saf. Res. 26 (1995) 187) during the spring semester of 2002. RESULTS: Significant main effects for gender and age on safety beliefs and safe behavior were found as well as a significant interaction between gender and age for both outcome variables. The regression model with the independent variables of personal responsibility and gender yielded a multiple R of.58, which explained 34% of the variance of the self-reported safe behavior. Midwestern college students in 2002 were found less safety-conscious in terms of self-reported safety beliefs and safe behavior than those in 1993. DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that safety education of adolescents and young adults in the United States has not been effective, at least for the last decade, or today's social and school environment is less conducive to the students' safe behavior and beliefs than a decade ago. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Proactive multidisciplinary approaches to enhance safe behavior and beliefs of young adults should be made based on critical evaluation of current approaches. 相似文献
23.
Management status of end-of-life vehicles and characteristics of automobile shredder residues in Korea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim KH Joung HT Nam H Seo YC Hee Hong J Yoo TW Lim BS Park JH 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2004,24(6):533-540
An end-of-life vehicle (ELV) is dismantled to recover and recycle any re-usable parts, then shipped to the shredding facility for further recovery of iron with any remaining Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR) to be considered as wastes and to be disposed of by either thermal treatment or landfill. Overall ELVs management status in Korea, including recycling resulting from the dismantling processes, was surveyed using some questionnaires given to dismantlers and other available information to provide some feasible means for future treatment. The averaged recycle rate in the dismantling stage showed a value of 44% and the rest of an ELV was then compressed and transported to shredding companies to recover mainly the iron content which averaged 38.7% of the mass of a new vehicle. The non-ferrous metals such as copper, antimony, zinc and aluminum accounted for only 1.5%. The Shredder dusts (SDs) were found to be composed of light and heavy fluffs and soil/dust and amounted to 15.8% based on the mass of a new vehicle. Dumping of fluff and inorganic residues into a landfill site, however, will be restricted when new regulations are implemented to reduce the disposal amount to less than 5% of a new car as done in European countries and Japan. The detailed characteristics of SDs were investigated to provide an idea of how to treat them in order to meet a future expected enforcement. 相似文献
24.
25.
Myong Hwan Sohn Kyung Won Seo Yong Seok Choi Sang Joon Lee Young Sil Kang Yang Soon Kang 《Marine Biology》2011,158(3):561-570
The marine dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a harmful and highly motile algal species. To distinguish between the motility characteristics of solitary and chain-forming
cells, the swimming trajectories and speeds of solitary cells and 2- to 8-cell chains of C. polykrikoides were measured using a digital holographic particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) technique. C. polykrikoides cells exhibited helical swimming trajectories similar to other dinoflagellate species. The swimming speed increased as the
number of cells in the chain increased, from an average of 391 μm s−1 (solitary cells) to 856 μm s−1 (8-cell chain). The helix radius R and pitch P also increased as the number of cells in the chain increased. R increased from 9.24 μm (solitary cell) to 20.3 μm (8-cell chain) and P increased from 107 μm (solitary cell) to 164 μm (8-cell chain). The free thrust-generating motion of the transverse flagella
and large drag reduction in the chain-forming cells seemed to increase the swimming speed compared to solitary cells. The
measured swimming speeds agreed with those from field observations. The superior motility of chain-forming C. polykrikoides cells may be an important factor for its bloom, in addition to the factors reported previously. 相似文献
26.
Seo YN Lee MY 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(1):7-10
Benz[a]anthracene is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant formed during the incomplete combustion of organic material. Some of the metabolites of benz[a]anthracene are known to be toxic and carcinogenic. In this investigation, benz[a]anthracene-induced oxidative damage to lymphocyte DNA was evaluated with the Comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis). The level of oxidative DNA damage caused by benz[a]anthracene increased in a dose-dependent manner (24, 49) and oxidative DNA damage was significantly inhibited by 5 and 10 microg ml(-1) ascorbate, 5 microg ml(-1) polyphenols, as well as 5 and 10 microg ml(-1) curcumin. Moreover, traditional Korean medicinal herbs such as Acanthopanax and ginseng significantly reduced DNA damage. The results demonstrate that antioxidant supplementation to lymphocytes inhibits oxidative DNA damage in vitro, supporting an inhibitory effect against oxidative DNA damage, probably due to reduction of reactive oxygen species production induced by benz[a]anthracene. 相似文献
27.
Jong-Beom Seo Soo-Bin Jeon Je-Young Kim Gang-Woo Lee Jong-Hyeon Jung Kwang-Joong Oh 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(3):494-498
Aqueous ammonia (NH3) solution can be used as an alternative absorption for the control of CO2 emitted from flue gases due to its high absorption capacity, fast absorption rate and low corrosion problem. The emission of CO2 from iron and steel plants requires much attention, as they are higher than those emitted from power plants at a single point source. In the present work, low concentration ammonia liquor, 9 wt.%, was used with various additives to obtain the kinetic properties using the blast furnace gas model. Although a solution with a high ammonia concentration enables high CO2 absorption efficiency, ammonium ions are lost as ammonia vapor, resulting in reduced CO2 absorption due to the lower concentration of the ammonia absorbent. To decrease the vaporization of ammonia, ethylene glycol, glycerol and glycine, which contain more than one hydroxyl radical, were chosen. The experiments were conducted at 313 K similar to the CO2 absorption conditions for the blast furnace gas model. 相似文献
28.
There are different approaches to estimating the transverse dispersion coefficient in river mixing. Theoretical approaches have derived the dispersion coefficient from the concept of shear flow, which has dominant effects on the transverse mixing. Empirical approaches have developed an equation using the hydraulic and geometric data of rivers through dimensional analysis and regression techniques. These two equations interact closely with each other. For example, the complicated theoretical equation can be simplified by empirical approaches, and the functional relationships of the empirical equation can be derived from theoretical bases. In this study, a new empirical equation for the transverse dispersion coefficient has been developed based on the theoretical background in river bends. As a regression method, the least-square iterative method was used because the equation was a nonlinear model. The estimated dispersion coefficients derived by the new equation were compared with observed transverse dispersion coefficients acquired from natural rivers and coefficients calculated by the other existing empirical equations. From a comparison of the existing transverse dispersion equations and the proposed equation, it appears that the behavior of the existing formula in a relative sense is very much dependent on the flow condition and the river geometry. Moreover, the proposed equation does not vary widely according to variation of flow conditions. Also, it was revealed that the equation proposed in this study becomes an asymptotic curve as the curvature effect increases. 相似文献
29.
Byungjin Lee Eun Seo Jo Dong-Wha Park Jinsub Choi 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):90
30.
The application of a mulch biofilm barrier for surfactant enhanced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioremediation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lab scale mulch biofilm barriers were constructed and tested to evaluate their performance for preventing the migration of aqueous and surfactant solubilized PAHs. The spatial distribution of viable PAH degrader populations and resultant biofilm formation were also monitored to evaluate the performance of the biobarrier and the prolonged surfactant effect on the PAH degrading microorganism consortia in the biobarrier. Sorption and biodegradation of PAHs resulted in stable operation of the system for dissolved phenanthrene and pyrene during 150 days of experimentation. The nonionic surfactant could increase the solubility of phenanthrene and pyrene significantly. However, the biobarrier itself couldn't totally prevent the migration of micellar solubilized phenanthrene and pyrene. The presence of surfactant and the resultant highly increased phenanthrene or pyrene concentration didn't appear to cause toxic effects on the attached biofilm in the biobarrier. However, the presence of surfactant did change the structural composition of the biofilm. 相似文献