Volatile organic chloramines formation during ClO2 treatment

Volatile organic chloramines are reported as the disinfection byproducts during chlorination or chloramination.However,ClO_2,as an important alternative disinfectant for chlorine,was not considered to produce halogenated amines.In the present work,volatile organic chloramines including(CH_3)_2 NCl and CH_3 NCl_2 were found to be generated during the reaction of ClO_2 and the dye pollutants.(CH_3)_2 NCl was the dominant volatile DBP to result from ClO_2 treated all four dye pollutants including Methyl Orange,Methyl Red,Methylene Blue and Malachite Green,with molar yields ranging from 2.6% to 38.5% at a ClO_2 to precursor(ClO_2/P) molar ratio of 10.HOCl was identified and proved to be the reactive species for the formation of (CH_3)_2 NCl,which implied(CH_3)_2 NCl was transformed by a combined oxidation of ClO_2 and hypochlorous acid.(CH_3)_2 NCl concentrations in the ppb range were observed when real water samples were treated by ClO_2 in the presence of the dye pollutants.The results suggest that these azo dyes are one of the significant precursors for the formation of HOCl during ClO_2 treatment and that organic chloramines should be considered in ClO_2 disinfection chemistry and water treatment.     

光倒刺鲃、白鲢协同投放抑制丝状藻(水绵)藻华围隔研究

为探究高效与安全抑制丝状藻藻华的方法,利用光倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus hollandi)、白鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)的食性特点,研究了不同密度(低密度(L)40 g·m-3、高密度(H)80 g·m-3)与不同投放比例(光倒刺鲃∶白鲢=3∶1、1∶1、1∶3)协同作用下,对围隔内水体丝状藻水绵(Spirogyra sp.)的抑制效果,以及对水生植物和水质的影响.结果表明,光倒刺鲃可以显著摄食丝状藻水绵,且在低密度、高比例(3∶1)时,即对丝状藻的生长具有明显抑制作用.高密度(80 g·m-3)投放光倒刺鲃、白鲢,无论比例如何,都会引起水体水质下降,引起轻微富营养化,并导致浮游藻类生物量上升,不适用于本试验水体.在本试验条件下,高密度(80 g·m-3)投放条件下,白鲢可以抑制浮游生物总量,H(1∶3)、H(1∶1)组中,呈现藻类小型化的趋势;而在低密度(40 g·m-3)投放条件下,未发现浮游藻类有小型化趋势.本试验L(3∶1)组,即光倒刺鲃30 g·m-3、白鲢10 g·m-3,可以有效控制试验水体丝状藻水绵滋生,且能够兼顾改善水质.     

固相萃取—气相色谱法测定海水中的666、DDT

采用固相萃取技术富集海水中的666、DDT,并使用气相色谱进行测定。主要包括不同填料(C8、C18、C18-N)、SPE柱规格(500 mg/3 mL、500 mg/6 mL)、洗脱试剂、上样流速、水样pH和洗脱试剂体积6个因素对666、DDT富集效率的影响。最终确定最优条件为:采用500 mg/6 mL C18SPE小柱,调节海水pH=6,上样流速4~5mL/min,10 mL二氯甲烷洗脱。优化后的固相萃取-气相色谱方法测定海水中666、DDT加标10 ng/L回收率为75.7%~110.4%,精密度为1.16%~4.00%,方法检出限为0.19~1.20 ng/L。     

煤及其燃烧产物中有害痕量元素的淋滤特性研究

通过对我国西北部上湾与石嘴山电厂原煤、底灰和飞灰中As、Pb、Cd、Mop、Mo、Co和U等有害痕量元素在不同条件下的淋滤实验,采用原子荧光光谱（AFS）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了痕量元素在2套（6个）样品、3种淋滤介质、4个不同时间段获取的淋滤液中的浓度,对比不同元素间淋出率、60h的最大淋出率和淋滤强度的差异性,分析痕量元素在不同条件下的淋滤特性;通过对比元素在原煤和燃煤产物中的含量、60h的最大淋出率以及淋滤液中元素的浓度,参考相关地下水的环境质量标准对痕量元素的环境效应进行了综合评价：As与Se的淋滤性较差,淋滤液中的最大浓度较低,对环境造成危害的可能性很小;Pb与Cd在淋滤液中的最大浓度较高,可能对环境造成危害.Mo与Co的淋出性好,淋出率高,同时淋滤液中的最大浓度是三类地下水环境质量标准的5～10倍,对环境造成危害的可能性最大.     

基于DPSIR模型的成都市生态可持续发展评价

为了监测评价城市的生态可持续发展水平,需要建立一套科学的指标体系并选择合理的评价方法。在介绍国内城市生态可持续发展评价研究现状的基础上,根据DPSIR模型的原理,从驱动力、压力、状态、影响及响应5个方面建立成都市生态可持续发展评价指标体系,并采用改进熵值法对指标进行赋权,计算出2001年-2010年间成都市生态可持续发展综合评价指数。根据计算结果对成都市生态可持续发展程度和存在的主要问题进行了具体分析,并提出相应的对策措施。     

复杂环境下有毒气体泄漏侦检与应急救援

结合二维GIS的宏观性、整体性和三维GIS场景的局部性、现实性、直观性优点,建立二、三维一体化应急GIS平台,为复杂环境气体泄漏侦检和应急救援提供有效的平台支撑,并以此为基础实现有毒气体泄漏侦检、警戒范围设定、事故模拟、应急救援等功能。     

浅谈石油化工企业应急预案编制

应急预案是迅速、有序、有效地开展应急救援行动的保障。提出了石油化工企业应急预案的框架结构,并对预案编制过程中的难点进行了分析。     

Performance and mechanism study for low-temperature SCR of NO with propylene in excess oxygen over Pt/TiO2 catalyst

A 0.5 wt.% Pt/TiO2 catalyst was prepared and used for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with C3 H6 in the presence of excess oxygen.The effects of Pt loading and O2 concentration on Pt/TiO2 catalytic performance for low-temperature SCR were investigated.It was found that optimal Pt loading was 0.5 wt.% and excess O2 favored low-temperature SCR of NOx.The mechanism of low-temperature SCR of NO with C3 H6 was investigated with respect to the behavior of adsorbed species over Pt/TiO2 at 150°C using in situ DRIFTS.The results indicated that surface nitrosyl species(Pt δ+-NO and Ti 3+-NO) and Pt 2+-CO are main reaction intermediates during the interactions of NO,C3 H6 and O2.A simplified NO decomposition mechanism for the low-temperature SCR of NO with C3 H6 was proposed.     

Characteristic of emissive spectrum and the removal of nitric oxide in N2/O2/NO plasma with argon additive

Although the approach using non-thermal plasma (NTP) for deNOx has been studied for over 15 years,how to achieve higher removal efficiency with lower cost is still a barrier for its industrial application.In order to investigate the impact of the argon additive on the electron density,energy and the nitric oxide reduction process in plasma,the spectrum of the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial reactor was measured using the monochromater with high resolution and the comparative experiments for NO reduction were carried out simultaneously in the N2/O2/NO plasma stream with and without argon,respectively.The nitrogen molecular spectrum which is attributed to the energy level transition (C3πu→B3πg ) was compared in the wavelength range 300-480 nm and the electron density and temperature were determined by the calculation based on the relative intensities and Stark broadening width of spectral lines.The spectrum results indicated that the argon additive could enhance the intensity of emissive spectrum of plasma,thus the electron concentration as well as the energy was increased,and finally prompted the ionization rate to produce active N,O and O3.The results of NO reduction showed that the NO conversion efficiency increased in the range of 10%-30% with 5% addition of argon in stream comparing with the condition without argon additive.This study will play a positive role in the industrial application of dielectric barrier discharge deNOx reactor.     

Simultaneous analysis of five taste and odor compounds in surface water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

In this paper, a method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to simultaneously analyze five taste and odor compounds in surface water, i.e., 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IPMP), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IBMP), and trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin, GSM). The mass spectrometry was operated in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Three kinds of SPE columns and three eluting solvents were compared, the C18 column was chosen as optimum SPE column, and methanol was chosen as the optimum eluting solvent. It was found that the method showed good linearity in the range of 1–200 ng·L^-1 and gave detection limits of 0.5–1.5 ng·L^-1 for individual compounds. Good recoveries (93.5%–108%) and relative standard deviations (1.58%–7.31%) were also obtained. Additionally, concentrations of these taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s surface and drinking water were analyzed by applying this method, and the results showed that GSM and 2-MIB were the dominant taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s raw water.