坠落防护装备的安全使用与管理

本文阐述了<坠落防护装备安全使用规范>(下称<规范>)的重要性,介绍了<规范>中对坠落防护装备的配备、安全使用、使用期限、定期检查、标识管理等规范性要求.对于保护广大高处作业人员人身安全与健康具有重要意义.此外,<规范>还在附录中针对高处作业相关人员的培训给出了指导性意见.     

危险化学品泄漏事故应急处置技术

在介绍化学事故应急处置的步骤、程序的基础上,结合自身的研究工作对危险化学品泄漏事故应急处置的方法及相关技术进行了归纳和总结,并对各种方法在危险化学品泄漏事故应急处置的应用前景及尚待开展的工作进行了评述和展望.     

燃煤电厂中微量元素迁移释放研究

基于原煤、飞灰及底灰的测试分析，对晋北一家燃煤电厂中硫等43种元素向环境的迁移释放作了定量研究，结果表明：Al等30种元素基本留在固体燃煤产物中；As等10种元素部分留在固体燃煤产物中，部分挥发到大气中；元素Br、Hg及硫基本挥发到大气中；各元素的挥发程度与自身的赋存状态及地球化学性质等有关。     

Catalytic activity of porous manganese oxides for benzene oxidation improved via citric acid solution combustion synthesis

Various manganese oxides (MnO_x) prepared via citric acid solution combustion synthesis were applied for catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results showed the ratios of citric acid/manganese nitrate in synthesizing process positively affected the physicochemical properties of MnO_x, e.g., BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, porous structure, reducibility and so on, which were in close relationship with their catalytic performance. Of all the catalysts, the sample prepared at a citric acid/manganese nitrate ratio of 2:1 (C2M1) displayed the best catalytic activity with T₉₀ (the temperature when 90% of benzene was catalytically oxidized) of 212℃. Further investigation showed that C2M1 was Mn₂O₃ with abundant nano-pores, the largest surface area and the proper ratio of surface Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺, resulting in preferable low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface active adsorbed oxygen species. The analysis results of the in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FTIR) revealed that the benzene was successively oxidized to phenolate, o-benzoquinone, small molecules (such as maleates, acetates, and vinyl), and finally transformed to CO₂ and H₂O.     

Alkynyl carbon materials as novel and efficient sorbents for the adsorption of mercury(Ⅱ) from wastewater

For the first time, a series of alkynyl carbon materials(ACMs) were prepared via the mechanochemical reaction of CaC_2 with six polyhalogenated precursors, namely CCl_4,C_2Cl_6, C_2Cl_4, C_6Cl_6, C_6Br_6, and C_(14)H_4Br_(10)(ACM-1, ACM-2, ACM-3, ACM-4, ACM-5, and ACM-6,respectively) and used for the adsorptive removal of mercury from aqueous solutions.Based on preliminary investigations, the adsorption of mercury on ACM-5 was studied in depth. Specifically, the effect of p H on mercury adsorptivity, adsorption kinetics,thermodynamics, isotherms, and recyclability was studied. The adsorptivity of mercury on ACMs was found to be closely related to the hydrocarbon precursor, specific surface area of sorbent, and the alkynyl content. ACM-5 showed the best performance and is among the best raw carbonaceous sorbents reported so far, with a Langmuir saturated adsorption capacity of 191.9 mg g~(-1). The promising mercury adsorption performance mainly arises from the strong Lewis soft acid–soft base interactions between the alkynyl groups and mercury ions. The adsorption isotherms could be satisfactorily correlated with the Langmuir equation. The results show that the ACMs can be used as efficient sorbents for the removal of mercury and may also be useful for the adsorption of other heavy metals.     

太阳光下TiO2/SiO2气凝胶复合光催化剂光催化降解2,4-二硝基酚

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法(so1-ge1)和常压干燥法制备SiO2气凝胶,在此基础上,将硅气凝胶掺杂进入TiO2溶胶中制备出TiO2/SiO2气凝胶复合光催化剂.利用xRD、TEM和FI-IR等技术对其晶型、形貌和结构进行表征,研究了太阳光下TiO2/SiO2气凝胶复合光催化荆对2,4-二硝基苯...     

Zn2+和Mn2+处理水钠锰矿后对Pb2+吸附量的影响

分别采用Zn2+和Mn2+处理锰平均氧化度较高的水钠锰矿,对比研究了经不同浓度的Zn2+和Mn2+处理后矿物的锰平均氧化度、d110面网间距、对Pb2+的最大吸附量以及吸附过程中Zn2+和Mn2+的最大释放量等的变化.同时,通过Zn2+和Mn2+与水钠锰矿表面反应行为的不同,进一步明确矿物结构中的八面体空穴数量与重金属吸附量的关系.研究结果表明,水钠锰矿经Zn2+和Mn2+分别处理后,矿物类型未改变,并具有相似的晶体形貌.Zn2+溶液处理水钠锰矿时,随着Zn2+浓度的增大,水钠锰矿的锰平均氧化度和d110面网间距不变,说明结构中空穴数量未改变,Zn2+通过占据部分吸附点位,导致其对Pb2+的最大吸附量从3190 mmol·kg-1减少为2030 mmol·kg-1.而Mn2+溶液处理水钠锰矿时,大多数Mn2+被氧化为Mn3+,这些Mn3+部分位于八面体空穴上下方的吸附位点,部分进入八面体空穴中.随着加入的Mn2+浓度增大,Mn2+被氧化为Mn3+而进入八面体空穴的数量增多,锰平均氧化度减小,d110面网间距从0.14160 nm增大至0.14196 nm,说明结构中空穴数量减少,对Pb2+的最大吸附量从3190 mmol·kg-1减少至1332 mmol·kg-1.对比研究结果表明,水钠锰矿结构中的八面体空穴数量对Pb2+的吸附量的大小起着非常重要的作用.     

Characteristics of emissive spectrum and the removal of nitric oxide in N2/O2/NO plasma with argon additive

Although the approach using non-thermal plasma (NTP) for deNOx has been studied for over 15 years, how to achieve higher removal e ciency with lower cost is still a barrier for its industrial application. In order to investigate the impact of the argon additive on electron density, energy and nitric oxide reduction process in plasma, the spectrum of the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial reactor was measured using the monochromater with high resolution. The comparative experiments for NO reduction were carried out simultaneously in N2/O2/NO plasma stream with and without argon, respectively. The nitrogen molecular spectrum which is attributed to the energy level transition (C3 u ! B3 g) was compared in the wavelength range 300–480 nm and the electron density and temperature were determined based on the relative intensities and Stark broadening width of spectral lines. The spectrum results indicated that the argon additive could enhance the intensity of emissive spectrum of plasma, thus the electron concentration as well as the energy was increased, and finally prompted the ionization rate to produce active N, O and O3. The results of NO reduction showed that NO conversion e ciency increased in the range of 10%–30% with 5% addition of argon in stream comparing with the condition without argon additive. This study will play a positive role in the industrial application of dielectric barrier discharge deNOx reactor.     

Solar photocatalytic decomposition of two azo dyes on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composites

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/TiO₂ composite photocatalysts with high photoactivity were prepared by sol-gel process and further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and UV-vis absorption spectra. Compared to pure TiO₂, the combination of MWCNTs with titania could cause a significant absorption shift toward the visible region. The photocatalytic performances of the MWCNTs/TiO₂ composite catalysts were evaluated for the decomposition of Reactive light yellow K-6G (K-6G) and Mordant black 7 (MB 7) azo dyes solution under solar light irradiation. The results showed that the addition of MWCNTs enhanced the adsorption and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ for the degradation of azo dyes K-6G and MB 7. The effect of MWCNTs content, catalyst dosage, pH, and initial dye concentration were examined as operational parameters. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of two dyes was found to follow a pseudo-first-order rate law. The photocatalyst was used for seven cycles with photocatalytic degradation efficiency still higher than 98%. A plausible mechanism is also proposed and discussed on the basis of experimental results.     

复合调理剂对废弃建筑泥浆脱水性能的影响

建筑泥浆具有高含水率、高碱性、脱水困难等特性,导致其环保处置困难.采用有机絮凝剂与酸性无机调理剂组成的复合调理剂对废弃建筑泥浆开展了絮凝调理实验,以探究不同药剂组合和用量对废弃建筑泥浆脱水性能的影响.结果表明,建筑泥浆中膨润土、高岭石等50μm以下细粒粘土颗粒占比达67％以上,颗粒之间相互排斥,难以自然沉淀脱水.使用P...