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71.
Exposure to engineered nanomaterials(ENMs), such as graphene oxide(GO), can potentially induce the response of various molecular signaling pathways, which can mediate the protective function or the toxicity induction.Wnt signaling pathway is conserved evolutionarily in organisms.Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo assay model, we investigated the effect of GO exposure on intestinal Wnt signaling.In the intestine, GO exposure dysregulated Frizzled receptor MOM-5, Disheveled protein DSH-2, GSK-3(a component of APC complex), and two β-catenin proteins(BAR-1 and HMP-2), which mediated the induction of GO toxicity.In GO exposed nematodes, a Hox protein EGL-5 acted as a downstream target of BAR-1, and fatty acid transport ACS-22 acted as a downstream target of HMP-2.Functional analysis on HMP-2 and ACS-22 suggested that the dysregulation of these two proteins provides an important basis for the observed deficit in functional state of intestinal barrier.Our results imply the association of dysregulation in physiological and functional states of intestinal barrier with toxicity induction of GO in organisms. 相似文献
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Xiaolong Li Congcong Ding Jiali Liao Liang Du Qun Sun Jijun Yang Yuanyou Yang Dong Zhang Jun Tang Ning Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(3):9-15
The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur. 相似文献
74.
采用批量平衡实验方法,研究了除草剂苯噻草胺在5种不同性质土壤中的吸附与解吸行为,并探讨了土壤有机质及溶液pH值对吸附的影响.结果表明,线性方程与Freundlich方程均能较好地拟合苯噻草胺在土壤中的吸附等温线.计算得到苯噻草胺在5种土壤中的碳标化分配系数Koc在849.5～1?818.8 L·kg-1之间,说明土壤对苯噻草胺有较强的吸附能力.苯噻草胺在土壤中的分配系数Kd、Freundlich常数Kf以及Kf(1/n)与土壤有机质含量均呈显著正相关.通过过氧化氢去除有机质后,土壤对苯噻草胺的吸附大大降低,说明土壤有机质是影响苯噻草胺在土壤中吸附的主要因素.对于同种土壤而言,苯噻草胺的吸附量随pH值的增大而减小.解吸实验表明,苯噻草胺在土壤中的解吸过程具有一定的滞后性,推测其在土壤中的迁移能力较差. 相似文献
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Shao Nan Li 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):239-245
Responses of gill ATPase and liver esterase of topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasobora parva under sublethal exposure to glyphosate (WSC 41% as isopropyl amine salt) at 1.0, 5.0 and 25?mg/L and metsulfuron methyl (technical 98.2%) at 0.0095, 0.085 and 0.85?mg/L of water were measured at 8th, 16th, 24th and 65th days of exposure. Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by least significant difference (LSD) test and parameter estimates indicated a significant inhibitory effect on gill ATPase activity (max. 57%) by metsulfuron methyl and liver esterase activity by glyphosate (max. 43%) as compared to the control, but the differences in the residual activities among the concentration levels of the herbicides were not significant. The activities changed significantly with the sampling times except gill ATPase activity under metsulfuron methyl exposure. In most of the cases, the maximum inhibitory effect on the enzymes was recorded on the 8th day and over-recovering appeared with time. 相似文献
77.
It is widely agreed that the exposure in air pollution causes serious respiratory illnesses and that the weather may also contribute to the seriousness. However, it is difficult to quantify the effects of pollutants and weather conditions due to the high unknown nonlinearities in the impact of these environmental and weather factors on the illnesses and possible interactions amongst these factors. In this paper, the multiple index model is employed to explore such relationship in Hong Kong. Time lags are incorporated to address the incubative period from the impact to the symptoms. We found that the weather factors are important in triggering the illnesses. However, the similarity in the number of illnesses and weather pattern causes the seriousness of ambient air pollutants being distorted. We restrict the time periods in winter and summer in which the weather is relatively stable. We then clearly identified the importance of air pollutants to respiratory illnesses. The results also revealed the difference between sub‐regions. By comparing with linear and several nonlinear models, we understood that the nonlinear relationship is supportive. We also found that our model is better than the single index model, indicating that further fine‐tuning is necessary to achieve better forecasting results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
78.
The use of coal fly ash (CFA), municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) and flue gas desulfurization residue (FGDR) in road construction has become very common owing to its economical advantages. However, these residues may contain toxic constituents that pose an environmental risk if they leach out and flow through the soil, surface water and groundwater. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the ecotoxicity and groundwater impact of these residues before decisions can be made regarding their utilization for road construction. In this study, the physico-chemical characteristics, leaching and phytotoxicity of these residues were investigated. Specifically, multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the contributions of the leaching constituents of the CFA, MSWIBA and FGDR leachates to the germination index of wheat seeds. B, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe and Pb were found to be more toxic to the wheat seeds than the other heavy metals. Furthermore, the leached concentrations of the constituents from the CFA, MSWIBA and FGDR were below the regulatory threshold limits of the Chinese identification standard for hazardous wastes. Analyses conducted using a numerical groundwater model (WiscLEACH) indicated that the predicted field concentrations of metals from the CFA, MSWIBA and FGDR increased with time up to about 30 years at the point of compliance, then decreased with time and distance. Overall, this study demonstrated that the risks resulting from MSWIBA, CFA and FGDR leaching could be assessed before its utilization for road construction, providing crucial information for the adoption of these alternative materials. 相似文献
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Shiwang Gao Lianbo Liu Alix Frank Jinyi Wang McLarnon Chris Dongfang Guo Croto Keith Hongwei Niu Duncan Joanna Xiaolong Wang Shiqing Wang Bosco Roberto Shisen XU 《Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology》2016,6(2):178-187
The CO2 concentration of flue gas from a natural‐gas‐fired power plant is only about 50% of that from a coal‐fired plant. In contrast, the O2 concentration is more than double, which makes it more difficult to capture CO2 from the former source. China Huaneng Group, which is the largest power generation company in the world, has demonstrated post‐combustion CO2 capture (PCC) in two coal‐fired plants at a scale of 3 kt/y and 120 kt/y, and has now developed the capture technology for gas‐fired power plants for the first time in China. A 100 kg/h CO2 capture pilot plant from natural‐gas‐fired flue gas has been built and the technology verification program has been conducted continuously for 4000 h. In this work, a novel PCC system with mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) was introduced, and the secondary pollutants from the absorber, material corrosion, solvent loss, and energy penalty during the verification test were investigated. From the aspect of pollutants control of the tail gas from the absorber, the volatile solvent content is less than 0.17 ppm, and total nitrosamine is less than 3 μg/Nm3. Compared with the traditional regeneration mode of steam, the energy penalty can be reduced by 10%∼15% by using the novel Steam‐Flash‐MVR system. This indicates that the system and process is technically feasible for CO2 capture from natural gas power plant, the solvent used is robust and reliable in long‐time operation with a low corrosion and degradation rate. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献