Effects of cement on redistribution of trace metals and dissolution of organics in sewage sludge and its inorganic waste-amended products

The suitability of using cement-stabilized sludge products as artificial soils in earth works was evaluated. The sludge products investigated were cemented sludge, cement-treated clay-amended sludge (SS+MC), and cement-treated copper slag-amended sludge (SS+CS). The leachability of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) were assessed using the sequential extraction technique, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), NEN 7341 availability test, and column leaching test. The results indicated that Zn leachability was reduced in all the cement-stabilized sludge products. In contrast, Cu was transferred from the organic fraction to the readily leachable phases in the cement-stabilized sludge products and therefore exhibited increased leachability. The increased Cu leachability could be attributed to dissolution of humic substances in the sludge as a result of elevated pH. Good correlation between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metal leaching from the cement-stabilized sludge products was observed in the column leaching experiment. Even with a cement percentage as small as 12.5%, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) was formed in the SS+MC and SS+CS products. Inclusion of the marine clay in the SS+MC products could reduce the leaching potentials of Zn, and this was the great advantage of the marine clay over the copper slag for sludge amendment.     

Collaborative influence of morphology tuning and RE (La,Y, and Sm) doping on photocatalytic performance of nanoceria

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Tuning morphology and doping additional rare earth (RE) cations are potential techniques to promote the photocatalytic performance of ceria (CeO2),...     

Abatement costs of combatting industrial water pollution: convergence across Chinese provinces

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Industrial water pollution has become one of the largest threats to China's sustainable development and human welfare. Although China has...     

松香基三烯丙酯交联聚合树脂的合成及其对水中Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Cu（II）的吸附性能与机制

以自制的松香基三烯丙酯（triallyl maleopimarate， TAMP）为交联剂，通过悬浮聚合法合成了一种松香基三烯丙酯交联聚合树脂（triallyl maleopimarate-acrylic copolymer， TAMPA），采用红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、N₂吸附脱附曲线和热重（TG）分析等方法对其物理化学结构及热稳定性等进行表征，采用批量吸附实验探讨了TAMPA投加量、溶液pH、温度、接触时间和离子强度等因素对TAMP树脂对Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Cu（II）重金属离子吸附性能的影响.结果表明，当pH值为2.0~5.0，TAMPA树脂对Pb（II）、Cu（II）和Cd（II）吸附量呈先增大后平缓的趋势，pH=5.0为最大值.随着离子溶液的增加对TAMP树脂去除重金属离子有抑制作用；吸附动力学符合准二级模型；Freundlich等温吸附模型可以较好地描述TAMPA对3种重金属的吸附；吸附热力学结果表明其能自发对相关金属离子进行吸附.以EDTA为洗脱剂，重复再生3次后TAMPA仍有可观的吸附性能.结合XPS和量子化学计算模拟结果，提出了TAMPA对Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Cu（II）的吸附作用机制，主要为重金属离子与材料基体中的C?O氧配位螯合作用.     

河源市城区春季PM_(2.5)典型污染过程案例分析

以河源市区2016年3月27日—4月4日污染过程为研究对象,基于同期气象条件与空气质量监测数据,分析了PM_(2.5)与气象因子间的相关性,探究河源市区PM_(2.5)污染变化特征。结果表明,3月30日河源市ρ(PM_(2.5))/ρ(PM_(10))和ρ(PM_(2.5))/ρ(CO)分别为0.87和0.08,明显高于其他时段,说明当天细颗粒物污染老化和二次转化程度突出。在此次污染过程的2个不同阶段,河源市ρ(PM_(2.5))波动受到多项气象要素共同影响,其中与气压先后呈现较强负相关(R~2=0.646 2)和不明显正相关(R~2=0.006 5),与气温呈现不明显正相关(R~2=0.008 4,R~2=0.033 9),与风速先后呈现弱负相关(R~2=0.105 2)和不明显正相关(R~2=0.072 9),与相对湿度先后呈现弱正相关(R~2=0.391 3)和弱负相关(R~2=0.176 9)。通过比较该时段河源市与周边城市的ρ(PM_(2.5))变化趋势及后向轨迹分析,发现河源市与周边城市在相似的气象背景条件下,PM_(2.5)污染主要来源于本地源排放和珠三角区域传输。     

Roles of oxidant,activator, and surfactant on enhanced electrokinetic remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil

Electrokinetic (EK) remediation technology can enhance the migration of reagents to soil and is especially suitable for in situ remediation of low permeability contaminated soil. Due to the long aging time and strong hydrophobicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from historically polluted soil, some enhanced reagents (oxidant, activator, and surfactant) were used to increase the mobility of PAHs, and remove and degrade PAHs in soil. However, under the electrical field, there are few reports on the roles and combined effect of oxidant, activator, and surfactant for remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil. In the present study, sodium persulfate (PS, oxidant, 100 g L^?1) or/and Tween 80 (TW80, surfactant, 50 g L^?1) were added to the anolyte, and citric acid chelated iron(II) (CA-Fe(II), activator, 0.10 mol L^?1) was added to catholyte to explore the roles and contribution of enhanced reagents and combined effect on PAHs removal in soil. A constant voltage of 20 V was applied and the total experiment duration was 10 days. The results showed that the removal rate of PAHs in each treatment was PS + CA-Fe(II) (21.3%) > PS + TW80 + CA-Fe(II) (19.9%) > PS (17.4%) > PS + TW80 (11.4%) > TW80 (8.1%) > CK (7.5%). The combination of PS and CA-Fe(II) had the highest removal efficiency of PAHs, and CA-Fe(II) in the catholyte could be transported toward anode via electromigration. The addition of TW80 reduced the electroosmotic flow and inhibited the transport of PS from anolyte to the soil, which decreased the removal of PAHs (from 17.4 to 11.4% with PS, from 21.3 to 19.9% with PS+CA-Fe(II)). The calculation of contribution rates showed that PS was the strongest enhancer (3.3~9.9%), followed by CA-Fe(II) (3.9~8.5%) (with PS), and the contribution of TW80 was small and even negative (?1.4~0.6%). The above results indicated that the combined application of oxidant and activator was conducive to the removal of PAHs, while the addition of surfactant reduced the EOF and the migration of oxidant and further reduced the PAHs removal efficiency. The present study will help to further understand the role of enhanced reagents (especially surfactant) during enhanced EK remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil.

     

Initial carbon release characteristics, mechanisms and denitrification performance of a novel slow release carbon source

External carbon source addition is one of the effective methods for the treatment of wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). Compared with fast-release liquid carbon sources, slow-release solid carbon sources are more suitable for the denitrification process. A novel slow-release solid carbon source (corncob-polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate- poly-caprolactone, i.e. CPSP) was prepared using corn cob (CC) and poly-caprolactone with polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate as hybrid scaffold. The physical properties and carbon release characteristics of CPSP and three other carbon sources were compared. CPSP had stable framework and good carbon release performance, which followed the second order release equation. The formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid released from CPSP accounted for 8.27% ± 1.66 %, 56.48% ± 3.71 %, 18.46% ± 2.69% and 16.79% ± 3.02% of the total released acids respectively. The start-up period of CPSP was shorter than that of the other carbon sources in denitrification experiment, and no COD pollution was observed in the start-up phase (25–72 h) and stable phase (73–240 hr). The composition and structure of the dissolved organic compounds released by CPSP and other carbon sources were analyzed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, which indicated that CPSP was more suitable for denitrification than the other studied carbon sources.

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Mechanistic insight into the inhibitory effect of artemisinin sustained-release inhibitors with different particle sizes on Microcystis aeruginosa

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environment-friendly algaecides based on allelopathy have been widely used to control harmful algal blooms. In this research, micro and nano scale...