模拟地下水环境微生物降解甲苯的研究

采集某加油站附近的土样，进行富集、培养、分离纯化，获得一系列降解甲苯的菌株，选择了出降解率最高的菌株进行诱变，再筛选出降解特效菌株，并模拟地下水环境进行驯化。菌株在12d内对甲苯的降解率达到93．5％。利用渗流槽模拟扩大降解实验，第11天甲苯的降解率达87．3％，第15天达到95．2％，证明该菌株是一种能够有效降解地下水中甲苯的菌株。     

The effect of interaction between Bacillus subtilis DBM and soil minerals on Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption

The effects of interaction between Bacillus subtilis DBM and soil minerals on Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption were investigated.After combination with DBM,the Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption capacities of kaolinite and goethite improved compared with the application of the minerals independently.The modeling results of potentiometric titration data proved that the site concentrations of kaolinite and goethite increased by 80%and 30%,respectively after combination with DBM.However,the involvement of functional groups in the DBM/mineral combinations resulted in lower concentrations of observed sites than the theoretical values and led to the enhancement of desorption rates by NH_4NO_3 and EDTA-Na_2.The DBM-mineral complexes might also help to prevent heavy metals from entering DBM cells to improve the survivability of DBM in heavy metal-contaminated environments.During the combination process,the extracellular proteins of DBM provided more binding sites for the minerals to absorb Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ).In particular,an especially stable complexation site was formed between goethite and phosphodiester bonds from EPS to enhance the Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption capacity.So,we can conclude that the DBM–mineral complexes could improve the Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)adsorption capacities of minerals and protect DBM in heavy metal-contaminated environments.     

Responses of Soil CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Efflux to Precipitation Pulses in Two Subtropical Forests in Southern China

This study was designed to examine the responses of soil CO₂ efflux to precipitation pulses of varying intensities using precipitation simulations in two subtropical forests [i.e., mixed and broadleaf forests (MF and BF)] in southern China. The artificial precipitation event was achieved by spraying a known amount of water evenly in a plot (50 × 50 cm²) over a 30 min period, with intensities ranging from 10, 20, 50 and 100 mm within the 30 min. The various intensities were simulated in both dry season (in December 2007) and wet (in May 2008) season. We characterized the dynamic patterns of soil CO₂ efflux rate and environmental factors over the 5 h experimental period. Results showed that both soil moisture and soil CO₂ efflux rate increased to peak values for most of the simulated precipitation treatments, and gradually returned to the pre-irrigation levels after irrigation in two forests. The maximum peak of soil CO₂ efflux rate occurred at the 10 mm precipitation event in the dry season in BF and was about 3.5 times that of the pre-irrigation value. The change in cumulative soil CO₂ efflux following precipitation pulses ranged from −0.68 to 1.72 g CO₂ m⁻² over 5 h compared to the pre-irrigation levels and was generally larger in the dry season than in the wet season. The positive responses of soil CO₂ efflux to precipitation pulses declined with the increases in precipitation intensity, and surprisingly turned to negative when precipitation intensity reached 50 and 100 mm in the wet season. These findings indicated that soil CO₂ efflux could be changed via pulse-like fluxes in subtropical forests in southern China as fewer but extreme precipitation events occur in the future.     

石油烃厌氧生物降解代谢产物研究进展

石油烃厌氧生物降解代谢产物的分析对于石油烃厌氧降解机制的研究、功能微生物的筛选以及微生物活动的原位监测具有指示性作用.综述了近年来石油烃厌氧生物降解代谢产物的研究进展.石油烃厌氧降解的初始活化方式主要包括脱氢羟基化、加延胡索酸以及羧化等.其中,加延胡索酸是不同种类的微生物通常采用的代谢方式.同时,将代谢产物按照气体、无机离子和有机酸进行分类,并针对各类物质特别是瞬时性、低浓度的有机酸类产物常采用的分析方法进行归纳.通过实例强调了代谢产物作为潜在生物标记物的应用,并对石油烃厌氧降解代谢产物分析方法的发展提出展望.图3参58     

多金属污染土壤中微生物群落功能对麻疯树-化学联合修复的响应

应用BIOLOG实验技术,结合土壤和植物的相关指标,对广东省大宝山矿山周边多金属污染土壤修复过程中微生物群落代谢方式的变化进行分析,结果表明,施用改良剂可以显著提高土壤微生物群落的活性:粉煤灰＞石灰＞白云石＞对照,其中粉煤灰对提高多金属污染土壤微生物的代谢多样性有显著效果;种植麻疯树后土壤微生物活性也发生变化,结果为:...     

Fate of BHC in the terrestrial ecosystem

The fate of BHC in the terrestrial ecosystem was investigated under both laboratory and field conditions. The uptake, accumulation and degradation of BHC in earthworms and corn plants were studied. Earthworms could absorb and accumulate BHC residues from soil. Statistically, significant correlation existed between the amounts of BHC in soil and in earthworms. Different species of earthworms appeared to concentrate BHC in their bodies to different extents. In a terrestrial ecosystem, the uptake, accumulation of BHC residues by soil animals and plants had an effect on each other.     

甘新北山东段裂谷演化及金矿成矿规律

甘新北山东段中南带为北山古生代裂谷-造山带,呈北东东-东西-北西西向展布,是塔里木地块东北部太古界、元古界基础上开裂,总体呈二堑一垒五大块,经历∈或O-S或D1、D或D-C和P1-P2三次拉开与闭合、由南向北迁移的演化模式.在该裂谷带及其两侧基底岩系中分布着一系列不同类型金矿床(点),可分为马庄山-南金山、金窝子-照壁山、白山南-拾金坡-将军台、老金厂-音凹峡、白墩子-小西弓、三危山-小宛南山等成矿带,根据赋矿岩系分为产于上古生代火山-次火山岩、火山碎屑岩中,产于印支、海西、加里东期花岗岩类岩体中,产于中元古-太古代变质岩系中,产于奥陶纪、志留纪火山碎屑岩中,产于寒武纪、震旦纪含炭泥岩、硅质岩和大理岩中等金矿,以及石英脉型、破碎蚀变岩型、破碎蚀变岩-石英脉型和矽卡岩型.7种赋矿岩系以前3种为主,4类矿石建造以前2类为主.控矿因素:断裂特别是韧性、韧-脆性断裂,地层岩性特别是火山岩-碎屑岩,岩浆岩特别是海西期、加里东期中酸性、中基性岩,成矿时代为海西晚期、印支期、燕山期和喜山期、以印支期为主,与该期构造活动同步或准同步.     

六六六在陆生生态系中的踪迹

采用室内外模拟试验方法,研究土壤动物(蚯蚓)和植物(玉米)吸收和累积土壤中的六六六以及六六六在陆生生态系中传递和浓缩规律。     

糖蜜酒精蒸馏废液色素研究

采用凝胶渗透色谱方法测定从甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液中提纯的色素的分子量。通过吸收光谱、原子吸收光谱、氨基酸分析、溶剂析出等方法，确定色素的成分。结果表明，该色素具有三个不同分子量的组分，重均分子量分别为21889、987和439Da。主要有酚类色素、焦糖色素和美拉德色素等3种色素，其质量分数分别为20%、67.7%和12.3%。色素中铁质量分数为0.12%，水解氨基酸质量分数为5.23%。     

城市生活垃圾处理方式的对比研究

城市生活垃圾的量越来越大,生活垃圾具备较大的开发潜质、是"放错地方的资源",有效加以利用产生的价值十分可观,若处理不当则通过不同途径危害人体健康.为达到生活垃圾无害化、减量化和资源化的处理目标,中国垃圾的处理能力和水平必须提高,选择合适的处理工艺就变的得十分重要.针对生活垃圾处理的填埋法、焚烧法和堆肥法的优缺点进行了充分比较,不仅仅要关注垃圾处理技术,还要充分考虑各种影响因素,诸如垃圾成分、垃圾分类程度等,综合考虑各方面因素后确定相关技术,生活垃圾有望进行合理的处理.