浒苔生物炭的特征及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特点和吸附机制

为使浒苔得到资源化利用,本研究采用慢速热解技术于不同温度下制备浒苔生物炭,并对其理化性质进行表征.结果表明,400℃时,浒苔裂解已达较高程度.浒苔生物炭产率及灰分含量与热解温度呈负相关,碳含量与热解温度呈正相关,其表面呈蜂窝状多孔结构,比表面积为44.54~317.82 m~2·g~(-1),表面含有丰富的羟基(—OH)和羧基(—COOH)等含氧官能团.吸附实验显示,浒苔生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型.表明浒苔生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附为单分子层化学吸附,主要受快速反应过程控制.浒苔生物炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的最适p H为2,吸附容量表现为BC400BC700BC600BC500BC300,其中BC400的吸附量为4.79 mg·g~(-1).浒苔生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机制主要包括生物炭与HCr O-4和Cr2O_2-7等阴离子之间的静电作用,以及生物炭表面—OH和—COOH等含氧官能团的络合作用.     

餐厨垃圾乳酸发酵过程中的微生物多样性分析

采用PCR-DGGE等分析手段,研究了餐厨垃圾乳酸发酵过程中的微生物种群动态变化.结果表明,餐厨垃圾不灭菌而接种的开放式发酵体系中微生物的多样性高于灭菌后接种的非开放式发酵体系,而乳酸产量也是前者高于后者.说明发酵体系中的微生物多样性与乳酸产量有很大的相关性.通过对部分条带的测序可知,餐厨垃圾开放式发酵体系中除含有接种用的嗜淀粉乳杆菌外,还含有很多土著乳酸菌,如Lactobacillus sp.、Lactobacillus casei和Lactobacillus plantarum,以及土著水解菌,如假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)等,这些土著菌的存在是促进乳酸发酵的重要因素.PCR-DGGE结合技术对于成分复杂的餐厨垃圾中的细菌种群结构的动态变化分析是可行的.     

白洋淀水体和沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性的时空分布及其影响因素

2011—2012年期间,以白洋淀8个国控监测点为采样点,通过对水体和沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性（APA）和理化参数的分析,揭示了白洋淀碱性磷酸酶活性时空分布特征及影响因素.结果表明,白洋淀碱性磷酸酶活性具有明显的时空分布规律,春季碱性磷酸酶活性增大,夏秋季达最高值,冬季最低,富营养化程度高的样点碱性磷酸酶活性较高.相关性分析结果表明,水体碱性磷酸酶活性与氨氮和氮磷比显著负相关（p<0.05）,与温度、总磷、浮游植物密度显著正相关（p<0.01）.推测浮游植物密度可能是影响水体碱性磷酸酶活性的主要因素;沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性可能主要与微生物相关,与沉积物总磷含量显著正相关（p<0.05）.水体和沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性与采样点富营养化程度一致,可以作为白洋淀富营养化的评价指标.     

含油污泥微乳化处理工艺研究

利用微乳化法对含油污泥进行资源化处理。通过对现场采得的SLGD含油污泥样品处理,得到该油泥的最佳微乳液组成为:SDS 0.16 g/mL,OTAC 0.04 g/mL,正丁醇0.47 g/mL,NaCl 0.034 g/mL,脱油率最高可达42.53%。最佳单次处理量为12 g(以10 mL水为基准);处理温度为30℃,最佳处理时间为30 min;在保证脱油率的前提下,微乳液可重复使用3次。     

以废气为热源生产二水氯化钙的新工艺

针对在氯化法生产钛白粉的过程中产生的大量高热值废气和氯化钙废水,提出以废气为热源生产二水氯化钙的新工艺。以焚烧的方式处理氯化尾气,将产生的热量用于浓缩蒸发氯化钙废水,生产工业级二水氯化钙产品,达到以废治废的目的。不仅处理了工业废气和废水,在节约能源的同时创造了一定的经济效益。     

Competitive sorption between 17α-ethinyl estradiol and bisphenol A/4-n-nonylphenol by soils

The sorption of 17α-ethinyl estradiol(EE2),bisphenol A(BPA),and 4-n-nonylphenol(NP) in single systems and the sorption of EE2 with different initial aqueous concentrations of BPA or NP were examined using three soils.Results showed that all sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fit the Freundlich model.The degree of nonlinearity was in the order BPA(0.537-0.686) > EE2(0.705-0.858) > NP(0.875-0.0.951) in single systems.The isotherm linearity index of EE2 sorption calculated by the Freundlich model for Loam,Silt Loam and Silt increased from 0.758,0.705 and 0.858,to 0.889,0.910 and 0.969,respectively,when BPA concentration increased from 0 to 1000 μg/L,but the effect of NP was comparably minimal.Additionally,EE2 significantly suppressed the sorption of BPA,but insignificantly suppressed that of NP.These findings can be attributed to the difference of sorption affinity of EE2,NP and BPA on the hard carbon(e.g.,black carbon) of soil organic matter that dominated the sorption in the low equilibrium aqueous concentration range of endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Competitive sorption among EDCs presents new challenges for predicting the transport and fate of EDCs under the influence of co-solutes.     

Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite

The adsorption behavior of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite was investigated.Natural bentonite from Gaozhou in Guangdong Province,China was collected.Organo-bentonite was prepared by intercalation of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide into the natural bentonite.The physicochemical properties of the prepared organo-bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that montmorillonite is the main component of the natural bentonite.The basal spacing of the natural bentonite is 1.47 nm,which increased to 1.98 nm on intercalation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.Moreover,both the surface area and pore volume increased with intercalation.Clear CH2 stretching(3000-2800 cm-1) and scissoring(1480-1450 cm-1) modes of the intercalated surfactants were observed for organobentonite.Compared with the pseudo first-order kinetic model,the pseudo second-order kinetic model is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite.The adsorption capacity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite increased with increasing initial concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage.The adsorption isotherm of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite fits well with the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of organo-bentonite for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was 33.61 mg/g,indicating that organo-bentonite is a promising adsorbent for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation method derived from environmental economy

Evaluation system can encourage and guide entrepreneurs, and impel them to perform well in environment management. An evaluation method based on advantage structure is established. It is used to analyze entrepreneur environment management behavior in China. Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation index system is constructed based on empirical research. Evaluation method of entrepreneurs is put forward, from the point of objective programming-theory to alert entrepreneurs concerned to think much of it, which means to take minimized objective function as comprehensive evaluation result and identify disadvantage structure pattern. Application research shows that overall behavior of Chinese entrepreneurs environmental management are good, specially, environment strategic behavior are best, environmental management behavior are second, cultural behavior ranks last. Application results show the efficiency and feasibility of this method.     

“十一五”期间通辽市环境质量存在的主要问题及成因

本文通过对＂十一五＂期间通辽市环境质量监测数据的统计分析,从污染源和环境质量的关系得出存在的问题,从自然环境要素与生态环境两个角度总结＂十一五＂期间存在的问题。通过对环境质量的问题分析,寻找产生这些问题的原因,从而为改善环境质量提供解决的途径。