不同含盐量土壤可溶性无机碳及盐基离子的剖面分布特征

为了探究干旱区盐碱土壤可溶性无机碳的动态分布特征,选取内蒙古河套灌区7种不同电导率土壤的0—100 cm剖面,采用临近样地,随机布点的方法,研究该地区土壤可溶性无机碳和盐基离子的剖面分布规律。结果表明:土壤含盐量对可溶性无机碳含量及盐基离子含量具有重要影响,不同含盐量土壤(S_1-S_7)的可溶性无机碳平均含量随电导率的增加而逐渐降低;随土壤深度的加深呈先减小后增加,表现为浅层0—50 cm含量少,深层50-100 cm含量聚积;可溶性无机碳储量随电导率的增加而逐渐降低。不同含盐量土壤(S_1—S_7)盐基离子含量随电导率的增加而增加;随土壤深度的加深盐基离子含量逐渐减少,具有较强的表聚性。研究区域土壤盐基离子组成以Ca~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)为主,平均含量分别占离子总量的27%和29%;K~+、Mg~(2+)含量较少,平均含量分别占离子总量的13%和7%。通过相关性分析,土壤可溶性无机碳含量与EC呈显著负相关(R~2=0.83,p0.05),与pH无显著相关性(R~2=0.17,p0.05),盐基离子平均含量与EC呈显著正相关(R~2=0.85,p0.05),与pH无显著相关性(R~2=0.07,p0.05),表明土壤EC的增加会影响可溶性无机碳和盐基离子的聚积。     

Electronic-property dependent interactions between tetracycline and graphene nanomaterials in aqueous solution

Understanding the interactions between graphene nanomaterials(GNMs) and antibiotics in aqueous solution is critical to both the engineering applications of GNMs and the assessment of their potential impact on the fate and transport of antibiotics in the aquatic environment. In this study, adsorption of one common antibiotic, tetracycline, by graphene oxide(GO) and reduced graphene oxide(RGO) was examined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) and graphite as comparison. The results showed that the tetracycline adsorption capacity by the four selected carbonaceous materials on the unit mass basis followed an order of GO RGO MWCNTs graphite. Upon normalization by surface area,graphite, RGO and MWCNTs had almost the same high tetracycline adsorption affinity while GO exhibited the lowest. We proposed π-electron-property dependent interaction mechanisms to explain the observed different adsorption behaviors. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations suggested that the oxygen-containing functional groups on GO surface reduced its π-electron-donating ability, and thus decreased the π-based interactions between tetracycline and GO surface. Comparison of adsorption efficiency at different p H indicated that electrostatic interaction also played an important role in tetracycline-GO interactions. Site energy analysis confirmed a highly heterogeneous distribution of the binding sites and strong tetracycline binding affinity of GO surface.     

Identification and ecotoxicity assessment of intermediates generated during the degradation of clofibric acid by advanced oxidation processes

The aim of this study was to identify the intermediates in clofibric acid degradation under various advanced oxidation processes, namely ultraviolet (UV), UV/H₂O₂, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), VUV/H₂O₂, and solar/TiO₂ processes, as well as to assess the toxicity of these intermediates. Eleven intermediates have been detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, most of which were reported for the first time to our best knowledge. Combining the evolution of the dissolved organic carbon, Cl^- and specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm, it could be deduced that cleavage of aromatic ring followed by dechlorination was the mechanism in solar/TiO₂ process, while dechlorination happened first and accumulation of aromatic intermediates occurred in the other processes. Different transformation pathways were proposed for UV-, VUV-assisted and solar/TiO₂ processes, respectively. The acute toxicity was evaluated by means of Photobacterium phosphoreum T₃ spp. bioassay. It was believed that aromatic intermediates increased the toxicity and the ring-opening pathway in solar/TiO₂ process could relieve the toxicity.     

Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products by sequential ultraviolet and ozonation process in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant

The application of appropriate advanced treat- ment process in the municipal wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） has become an important issue considering the elimination of emerging contaminants, such as pharma- ceutical and personal care products （PPCPs）. In the present study, the removal of 13 PPCPs belonging to different therapeutic classes by the sequential ultraviolet （UV） and ozonation process in a full-scale WWTP in Beijing was investigated over the course of ten months. Most of the target PPCPs were effectively removed, and the median removal efficiencies of individual PPCPs, ranging from -13% to 89%, were dependent on their reaction rate constants with molecular ozone. Noticeable fluctuation in the removal efficiencies of the same PPCPs was observed in different sampling campaigns. Nevertheless, the sequential UV and ozonation process still made a significant contribution to the total elimination of most PPCPs in the full-scale WWTP, by compensating for the poor or fluctuant removal performance of PPCPs by biologic treatment process.     

稻虾共育田酰胺类除草剂胁迫对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长发育的影响

采用静水生物试验法,研究酰胺类除草剂在稻田常规使用浓度(丙草胺0.0021 mL·L-1;丁草胺0.0045 mL·L-1)下对克氏原螯虾生长发育的影响.结果表明,丙草胺和丁草胺对幼虾成活率无显著影响(P>0.05),幼虾体质量损失率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).丙草胺组幼虾淀粉酶(1 d、3 d)和脂肪酶(6 d)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05).丁草胺组幼虾胰蛋白酶(1 d)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05).至11 d时,3组之间幼虾各消化酶活性均无显著性差异(P>0.05).第1天时,丙草胺组幼虾超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05),丁草胺组幼虾GPx活性和T-AOC显著升高(P<0.05),2组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05).第3天时,丁草胺组幼虾SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),丙草胺组和丁草胺组幼虾GPx活性显著降低(P<0.05),且T-AOC显著升高(P<0.05).至第17天时,3组之间幼虾各抗氧化酶指标,除丁草胺组GPx外,无显著性差异(P>0.05).丙草胺和丁草胺在稻田常规使用量下可以影响幼虾消化酶和抗氧化酶活性,幼虾体质量损失率增大,存在短期胁迫效应.     

荧光渗透乳化油废水处理技术的研究

采用“破乳 -絮凝 -砂滤 -吸附”法对荧光渗透乳化油废水进行处理 ,结果表明 ,在适宜的处理条件下 ,该法可有效地去除水中的COD、油和色度 ,出水的 pH、COD、油和色度均达到国家一级排放标准     

RBI在巴陵石化分公司煤制合成氨装置的应用分析与预测

文章先概述了RBI软件、RBI标准及RBI技术三方面在国内外的发展现状趋势及意义,然后从巴陵石化分公司煤制合成氨装置谈RBI的实施可行性、内容和关键技术,并预测了此项目实施带来的市场效益、经济效益和社会效益。     

黄河重金属污染物对鱼类的致突变性研究

以黄河鱼类为实验材料,以Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd,Hg,As为受试物,以微核率为指标(%),对黄河中下游潼关、三门峡、花园口、洛口、利津5个河段水质进行了致突变性实验与评价,同时将鱼类微核率与鱼体残留重金属进行了相关性分析。结果表明:中下游5个河段鱼类微核率为0.03%～1.0%,最高河段为洛口,微核率达0.5%～0.7%;As,Pb,Cr,Cd可诱发鱼类红细胞微核,具有明显的剂量-效应关系;Hg,Cr,Pb鱼体残留量与微核具有一定的相关关系,相关系数(r)分别为0.89,0.84,0.74。      

实际生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液中多环芳烃的污染特征

分析了某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液中16种优先控制多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度水平和季节分布特征,考察了基于膜生物反应器联合纳滤(MBR/NF)的渗滤液处理工艺对PAHs的去除效果,同时探讨了该填埋场对周围水体环境的影响.结果表明,PAHs在填埋场渗滤液中的总质量浓度为13.0～45.8μg/L;MBR/NF处理工艺对渗滤液中...     

TY型燃油添加剂在降低隧道空气污染中的应用

应用TY型燃油添加剂促进柴油燃烧更充分,降低采用无轨运输方式进行施工的隧道中空气污染.结果表明洞内 CO、Nox浓度及尾气烟度均值降低46%、55%、42%.测定值经统计学方差柱验,有极显著差异(P＜0.001).